Unit 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology?
The study of the behavior and mental process
What is the difference between Psychiatrist and Psychologist?
Psychiatrist- M.D. who prescribes and treats patients. (Sigmund Fraud.)
Psychologist- Ph.D who earns a graduate degree and are treat patients usually treat/diagnose patients by looking into mental process and behaviors.
What do Neuroscientists study?
The brain, the nervous system, endocrine system, and genetics.
What do evolutionary psychologist study?
Characteristics that were passed on that confer a reproductive advantage.
What do behavioral perspective psychologist study?
Rejects mental process completely, and relies on positivism.
What is positivism?
Only focus on observable stimuli and responses.
ex: ( what did the sound do the organism, what was the pitch)
Who were the founding figures to studying behavioral psychology?
B.F. Skinner and John Watson
What influences behavior (behavioral)?
Observable external stimuli influence our behavior.
What is cognitive perspective to psychology?
How you interpret and process events influence behavior.
What influences Interpretation (Cognitive)?
is affected by perceptions, expectations, beliefs, and memories
What is the whole person perspective?
Examine types of behavior that are mental, physical and social.
What is the psychodynamic behavior (whole person perspective)?
Unconscious mental process.
What is the humanistic behavior (whole person perspective)?
Our innate need to grow and achieve our potential influences our actions.
What do developmental psychologist study?
Interaction of heritable biological development and experiences.
What do sociocultural psychologist study?
The (Social and Cultural factors) factor that are primary influencers on behavior.
What is the APA?
The American Psychological Association
Overall governing body for psychologists
What is the APS?
The Association for psychological science
-Emphasizes careful scientific inquiry in psychology
What is the SIOP?
The society for industrial-organizational psychology
-Combination of good science and professional practice to enhance work productivity
What is the scientific method?
A rigorous form of empirical investigation of a specific research hypothesis.
Relies on careful control and the elimination of competing explanations of a phenomenon.
What counts as evidence?
Data gathered from an empirical investigation.
What are the phases of the scientific method?
- Develop a hypothesis
- Requires careful operational definitions
- Independent variable
- dependent variable - Gather Data
- use rigorous methodology - Conduct analysis
- Publish, criticize, and replicate the results
What is a non experimental design?
Examples
- Case study: Detailed observation and description of a particular person.
- Survey: questions asked to a specific sample
- Natural Observations: Watching and recording behaviors
- Correlational studies: connecting two relationships without manipulating any variables
What does correlational research study?
How strong the relationship between two variables is.
- Scale ranges from -1.0 to 1.0
- Further from zero= stronger relationship
What are positive correlations?
As one increases/decreases the other follows suit.
What are negative correlations?
As one increases/decreases the other moves in the opposite direction.
In addition to correlation data what other kind of data do you need to link a relationship?
causation data
-rule out alternative explanations
