Chapter 14 part B Flashcards
What is the psycho-social approach to development?
personality and experiences with peers and others and how these influence your developement
Who is more credible in terms of the scientific theory, psychodynamic or psycho-social approach?
psycho-social approach
What did Carl Jung believe in terms of development?
Analytical Psychology:
Personality from inner growth
Libido is general life energy
-Examined the unconscious is more in depth than Freud
What did Jung say in regaurds to the two forms of our unconscious?
Personal: Can reach awareness easily, complexes ( elements of your unconscious that your partly aware of.
Collective unconscious: Universal, inherited evolutionary experiences,
- far below our awareness ( his version of the ice berg)
- Contains four archetypes
What are the four archetypes contained in the collective unconscious according to Jung?
- ) persona- “mask” we put on around others to fit in
- A) Animus: masculine characteristics ( in a women)
- B) Anima: Feminine characteristics ( in a men)
- ) Shadow: Immoral, passionate and darker part of self also holds (animalistic and creativity)
- ) Self: the whole of your personality, including conscious and unconscious components
What is an archetype according to Jung?
Drive a person to act similarly to one’s ancestors in similar situations
Who is Alfred Alder and what is he known for?
Original member of Freud’s analytic group.
opposed emphasis on sexual factors.
Known for individual psychology: driven by social interest.
Uses a large portion of the conscious and focuses on individuals striving to betterment
Describe Alfred Alder’s theory on Inferiority as motivation?
Infant ———–> inferiority——> innate strive for helplessness feelings betterment
What were Adler’s view on women?
No biological reason women should feel inferior to men
- feelings may have been as a result of social inequalities
Who is Karen Horney and what is she known for?
- Agreed with Freud that personality developed in early childhood
- deviated in other ways: views on women and human nature
What was the Basis for Horney’s theory on the psychodynamic approach?
Basic anxiety: feeling of isolation and loneliness.
vulnerability in hostile world.
What did Horney believe induced psychology?
Anxiety is learned
-disruptions in early (parental) relationships
What did Horney describe as Neurotic needs?
Pervasive ways of defending against continued anxiety
What were the three personality types that result from neurotic behavior, according to Horney?
Complaint- people who have a desire to cling to others.
Detached- people who avoid lots of close connections
Aggressive- people who have little trust and a need to win
Humanistic approaches to psychology?
very influenced by a negative reaction to Freud’s and behaviorist’s approach.
- Very big on free will and positivity
- Examine ‘s consciousness and the whole person
- people want to constantly improve and develop themselves.
Who is carl rogers and what is he known for?
humanist
believed in value of self-actualization
thought childhood experiences can help or hinder
* especially mother-child relationship
What did carl rogers say about unconditional love?
love with “no strings attached”, leads to development of healthy personality
What is conditional love
only feel like your going to be valued or loved in a relationship if you meet certain conditions
What did rogers say about love?
love acceptance and support without conditions removes limits on “being yourself”.
This allows individuals to develop as a fully functioning person.
What did rogers mean by a fully functioning person?
creative, comfortable thinking outside the box, open to experiences, reliance on own instincts, an continues to look for new ways to improve one’s self
Bandura’s social cognitive theories?
- individuals learn via watching and observing others.
- Their own behaviors are then influenced by the expectation of rewards and punishment
What do social cognitive theories rely on?
Reciprocal determinism: A process through which the individuals cognitions, behavior, and environment all influence one another.
Who is Julian Rotter and what did he propose?
Locus of control, cognitive psychologist Julian Rotter’s theory that an individual’s behavior is influenced by perceptions of control
Internal vs external locus?
internal: things that happen are as a result of your actions.
External: outcomes that happen to are a result of external factors
