Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is personality?
psychological characteristics that guide a person to act consistently in various contexts and situations across time.
Where does personality come from?
Biological factors
cognitive processes
developmental factors
How is personality measured?
surveys in which multiples items assess each personality traits.
- NEO-PI (five -Factory inventory)
- MMPI-2 ( Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
What is O C E A N?
“The big five”, major accredited personality test:
O- openness to experience (openness to try new things)
C- conscientiousness ( attention to detail)
E- extraversion (degree of outgoingness and enjoyment)
A- agreeableness (friendliness and sociability)
N- neuroticisms (degree of enxiety)
Conscientiousness in terms of the OCEAN test?
best worker
Agreeableness in terms of the OCEAN test?
very creative
Process theories?
Describes how personality develops:
-personality results from internal mental processes and social interactions
-Process approaches to personality include:
Psychoanalytic theory:
humanistic theory’s
social-cognitive theories
Psychoanalytic theory:
Sigmund Freud’s principle.
-Our personality is determined by our unconsciousness and stores: repress thoughts, memories and feelings
Libdo and Eros in terms of the Psychoanalytic theory?
Libido: life instincts (drive to create)
Eros: The unconscious sex drive, produces and energy to create
What was Frued’s second portion of his psychoanalytic theory?
Thanos- Death instinct (aggression and competition)
Following Frued’s Ice burg theory, describe ID ?
ID: in the unconscious and is the most primitive portion of the mind.
- This portion of the mind has no values and purely acts on pleasurable desires.
- Contains and produces Libido
- Actively releases Libido by interacting with the world
Following Frued’s Ice burg theory, describe EGO?
- Gatekeeper for the ID
- Rational aspect of the personality and controls instincts
- Draws energy from the ID
Following Frued’s Ice burg theory, describe Super-Ego?
- Develops early in life and is your morals
- Functions based off the will to be good, So it blocks desires from the ID
Anxiety?
- Failure to relive tensions
- ## Warns that the ego is being threatened
What are the three types of anxiety Freud discussed?
Neurotic- Fear of satisfying ID
Moral- Fear of acting on or thinking about something contrary to moral belief
Objective- fear from physical world
How does our minds create coping mechanisms to help alleviate anxiety?
=Shield our ego from anxiety
- Unconscious denials or distortions of reality
Repression?
forcing your problematic thoughts or experiences out of your awareness
ex: childhood trauma
Denial?
Avoids anxiety by arguing that the problem or tension doesn’t exist.
ex: smoking isn’t bad for me
Rationalization?
Provide a justification for problematic thought or action
ex: i only stole that shirt because i didn’t have a choice.
Reaction formation?
Acting out strongly against a troubling thought or action by doing the opposite.
ex: a gay politician who supports anitgay legislation
Displacement-Redirecting?
redirecting your emotions for a person or situation toward someone or something else.
ex: your boss pisses you off so you go home and take it out of your kids.
Regression?
responding to a stressful situation by acting in a childlike manner
ex: you have a crush on someone so when your around them you get all gigly.
Sublimation?
when a person is severely restrained from acting on a drive, he or she may direct energy elsewhere.
ex: getting really anger at your boss so you go workout
Projection?
accusing others of beliefs that you yourself hold
ex: hating a roommate, but thinking they’re the one who hates you.
Psychodynamic approaches to personality assessment?
-projective test: provide an ambiguous stimulus and ask people to respond to it
TAT- thematic apperception test?
Psychodynamic test
a picture that has a lot of room for interpretation and answers subject you to different personality test.
Rorschach inkblot test?
Psychodynamic test
random blobs of ink and subjects are ask to give their interpretation of what is being depicted.
