Chapter 13 Prt: 2

Question 1

Diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 1

Feel less obligated to act if you think responsibility is shared equally among all people present.
- If your in a large group your less likely to help because most people think someone there is more qualified and apt to help.

Question 2

Describe the Bystander lab effect?

Answer 2

given the task to communicate with others via a microphone and a man on the other end has a medical emergency. When students were alone they went almost immediately and larger groups of students on the intercom took much longer to achieve this task.

Question 3

What was Festinger’s study?

Answer 3

students will be ask to do a task and participants will be given a dollar or 20 dollars. Those given less amounts of money will act and respond more postiviely to the task.

Question 4

Cognitive Dissonance?

Answer 4

• conflict between thoughts and actions causes discomfort
• people are motivated to reduce this discomfort
• EX: people who are paid less in the Festinger study a
  are happier following the experiment

Question 5

Attributions for others (Behavior)

Answer 5

When we observe, we infer the cause or intention of their behavior.
( EX: you approach someone with their hood up at school and say hello to them and they dont respond. So you decide it is because they are a jerk… but what you failed to realize is the idea that there are other varying factors that influence them.)

Question 6

Correspondence bias/ fundamental attribution error?

Answer 6

tendency to emphasize personal traits (instead of situational factors) as the cause of others’ behavior.

Question 7

Prejudice?

Answer 7

underlying negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.

Question 8

in-group vs out-group?

Answer 8

in: group that an individua identifies with and feels close connections to.
- out: the group that another individual identifies with (or perceived to be part of)

Question 9

Where does prejudice originate from?

Answer 9

dissimilarity and social distance: perceived amount of difference between oneself and anther.

• Economic competition
• Scapegoating
• Conformity of social norms
• stereotypes in the media
• Dehumanization (making members of the out-group makes them seem less human)

Question 10

How do we combat prejudice?

Answer 10

• Decreases societal impact of “in-group” and “out-group”
• build new role models that break preconceived notions of what’s “normal”
• Engage in contact with people from the “out-Group”
• Expose children to people from a wide range of background and groups early on

Question 11

What is the stanford prison experiment?

Answer 11

• Phillip Zimbardo conducted an experiment testing how people behave in close proximity.
• Questioned social systems influenced behavior?
• College students assigned to be prison guards and inmates.
• inmates were sprayed down and stripped down and sprayed with a liquid, this was to dehumanize them.
• Guards became increasingly sadisistic and even abusive.
• Families came on the third day. guards cleaned up the inmates and used punishment to scare them from acting up or mentioning abusive behavior
• Study lasted 6 days, and was ended because of major abuse.

Question 12

What were Zimbardo’s findings?

Answer 12

• Systems of power can drive evil behavior
• Institutional support and encouragement for certain behaviors (social norms)
• Authorizes reinforcement of rules
• Demands compliance to rules
• Provides a self-reinforcing rigid structure