Chapter two B:

Question 1

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

Link between the brain and PNS

Question 2

Descartes’ reflex action theory?

Answer 2

This was the precursor to spinal reflexes.

via vibrations. (not at all accurate)

Question 3

Spinal reflexes?

Answer 3

Signals between sensory receptors and motor neurons that bypass the brain

Question 4

what are spinal reflexes critical for?

Answer 4

quick response reactions

Question 5

What is the order for neuron transmission

Answer 5

1. ) afferent
2. )spinal cord/interneuron
3. ) efferent neuron

Question 6

What is the main functions of the brain?

Answer 6

Process sensations, conduct thoughts. and send out responses.

Question 7

How do we study the brain?

Answer 7

CT scan (structural view)
PET scan ( shows how active different parts of the brain are) (radioactive glucose)
MRI very in-depth view of a structure (multiple layers)
fMRI- shows very in-depth and shows activity within the brain.

Question 8

What is the function of the brain stem and cerebellum?

Answer 8

inner most layer
vital functions (heart rate, breathing, digestion, etc.)
balance and memory-cerebellum

Question 9

What is the limbic system?

Answer 9

middle layer of the brain

Emotion and memory process of the brain

Question 10

what is the Cerebrum?

Answer 10

Outer most layer of the brain

associated with planning, rational thought, and problem solving

Question 11

What are the three major components of the brain stem and what are there functions?

Answer 11

Pons- sleeping, waking, dreaming
Medulla- breathing and heart rate
Reticular formation- filters incoming information and alerts

Question 12

What do histamines do in the CNS?

Answer 12

Neurotransmitters

maintain alertness and conscious awareness

Question 13

What does the Thalamus do?

Answer 13

Receives information from senses (except smell)

Question 14

What structures are in the Limbic system?

Answer 14

Hippocampus- long-term memory formation and spatial skills
Amygdala- memory and emotional responses (typically fear, stress, and aggression)
Hypothalamus- monitors body systems, regulation, survival drives and emotional regulation.
Thalamus- Receives sensory information

Question 15

What structures are in the outermost layer of the brain or cerebral cortex?

Answer 15

Corpus callosum-allows information from one hemisphere to communicate with the other
Occipital lobe- vision
Temporal lobe- auditory perception and language
Parietal lobe- interprets physical sensation (Right= locates body in space) (left= math shit)
Frontal lobe- executive control of bodily systems and planning and voluntary body movement

Question 16

What is cerebral dominance?

Answer 16

Some functions are primarily localized within one hemisphere.

Question 17

How is the cortex divided?

Answer 17

Into two halves or hemispheres

Question 18

Describe contralateral pathways?

Answer 18

each hemisphere primarily controls the opposite side of the body.

Question 19

describe Wernicke’s area?

and what part of the brain is it in?

Answer 19

language and processing center

temporal lobe

Question 20

What is wernicke’s area?

and what part of the brain is it in?

Answer 20

Interprets language

temporal lobe

Question 21

What does the right temporal lobe do?

Answer 21

helps receive emotional tone

Question 22

what is Broca’s area?

and what part of the brain is it in?

Answer 22

production of speech and language?

frontal lobs

Question 23

What and where is the motor cortex?

Answer 23

Located in the frontal lobe, and it serves to voluntarily moving body parts

Question 24

What is association cortex?

Answer 24

Subcortical connections that make associations and draw inferences from stimuli by combining brain systems.

Question 25

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 25

Regrow and reposition neurons to form new connections.

also associated with learning and recovery from brain damage

Question 26

The endocrine system?

Answer 26

Sends chemical signals throughout the body via the bloodstream.

Question 27

Pituitary gland:

Answer 27

produces hormones that influence all other endocrine glands.
attached to the hypothalamus.
influences growth