Chapter 3

Question 1

What is consciousness?

Answer 1

The awareness of yourself and your surroundings

Question 2

Consciousness works with our behavior to do what with our attention?

Answer 2

Direct it and focus it on other stimuli.

Question 3

What is selective attention?

Answer 3

Allows us to focus our awareness on certain things, while ignoring others.

Question 4

What was frued levels of consciousness?

Answer 4

Conscious- Awake and aware
preconscious -not actively aware of (stored knowledge)
Unconscious- repressed thoughts and traumas/desires that we are unaware of
(Ice berg diagram)

Question 5

What was william janes theory of consciousness?

Answer 5

• two levels to consciousness
  1.) area of focus: directing your attention to.
  2.) peripheral consciousness: the unfocused surrounds in your awareness (i.e. other stimuli and surrounds)
  (stream of consciousness)

Question 6

Why do we sleep?

Answer 6

protection from danger
energy conservation
Body and mind RESTORATION
memory consolidation

Question 7

What is circadian rhythms?

Answer 7

biological/physiological cycle.

i.e the sleep wakefulness patterns or light and darkness patterns

Question 8

Which brain structure regulates circadian rhythms?

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

what is a collection of neurons referred to as?

what is the nuclues of the hypothalamus referred to as?

Answer 9

nucleus

suprachiamastic nucleus: specialized group of neurons promoting proper sleep cycle.

Question 10

What are the stages of sleep?

Answer 10

REM- active sleep ( physiological arousal, rapid eye movements)
NREM- (stages 1-3) less mentally and physiologically involved form of sleep.

Question 11

When do people get the most deep sleep?

Answer 11

the beginning of their sleep

Question 12

NRem 1?

Answer 12

relatively slow, irregular brain waves (easy to wake)

hypnagogic experiences

Question 13

NRem 2?

Answer 13

• easily wake able
• breathing and heart rate and brain waves slows.
• Sleep spindles: periodic spikes of high brain activity
• K-complexes: single high-amplitude brain waves

Question 14

NRem 3?

Answer 14

slow wave of “deep sleep”
brain activity is very slowed
tougher to wake
- can experience parasomnias ( night terror, move, walk, talk) when transitioning to Rem sleep

Question 15

What stages of sleep can sleep talking occur in?

Answer 15

any stages of sleep via random action potentials firing

Question 16

What stages can sleep walking occur in?

Answer 16

deep sleep (NRem 3)

Question 17

Who founded REM sleep?

Answer 17

Eugene Aserinsky

Question 18

What do Rem sleep brain waves look like?

Answer 18

sawtooth waves

Question 19

What goes on during paralysis?

Answer 19

You motor cortex is producing action potentials that are blocked by your brain stem and prevent you from moving.

Question 20

Why do we dream?

Answer 20

Sigmond Frued: unconscious fulfillment
memory consolidation
developing/maintain neural pathways
no purpose at all

Question 21

Manifest content?

Answer 21

the story and imagery of the dream, which is largely symbolic

Question 22

Latent content?

Answer 22

the underlying unconscious meaning of the dream

Question 23

What is the activation synthesis theory?

Answer 23

Minds effort to try to make sense of random action potential’s firing in the brain

Question 24

What is the physiological maintenance theory?

Answer 24

Dreams are exercise for developing and preserving neural pathways.

Question 25

What is the memory consolidation theory?

Answer 25

Dreams reflect the process of sorting and organizing the recent events unto the long-tern memory.

Question 26

What is day-dreaming?

Answer 26

Day dreaming is when you’re sitting and doing nothing, but your mind is doing all sorts of random things.
Your frontal and temporal lob are highly active in this time.

Question 27

What is a coma?

Answer 27

An unconscious state that lacks the normal sleep/wake cycles.

Question 28

Do patients in coma’s dream?

Answer 28

Nope.

Question 29

Is a coma a stable condition?

Answer 29

Nope.

Question 30

What is a minimally conscious state?

Answer 30

Limited conscious awareness
can respond to simple commands
can answer simple questions
demonstrating purposive behavior
full awake and Rem cycle's

Question 31

What is a persistent vegetative state?

Answer 31

Primarily reflexive behaviors
Largely non-responsive and lacking visible signs of conscious awareness
Reduced REM (but otherwise normal sleep-wakefulness cycles)
Recovery is rare, but depends on the causes.