Chapter 6: Flashcards
What is learning?
A process in which exposure to experience creates a lasting change in behavior or cognition
Most human behavior is blanked and nor instinctual?
learned
Mere exposure effect? (simple form of learning)
being exposed to a certain stimulus multiple times makes you develop a more positive attuited towards something.
Habituation? (simple form of learning)
Being espoused to the same stimuli (annoying) you become desensitized to it.
How does simple learning occur?
through repeated encounters to the same stimuli
How does complex learning occur?
learning associations among stimuli
What are the two main categories of complex learning?
- .) behavioral learning- observable behavioral that we can then describe in terms of observable response.
- ) cognitive learning: focuses on internal mental processes that change as a result of learning
What is conditioning?
development of behavioral response due to repeated exposure to one or more stimuli
what are the two main forms of conditioning?
classical
operant
What is classical conditioning?
ex: pavlov studied digestive reflexes in dogs
( could train dogs to salivate on command )
Food ( UCS) —-> salivation (UCR)
tone (NS) ——> no response
(acquisition) the NS in company with UCS causes the NS to become a UCS:
Tone (UCS) —-> salivation (UCR)
Extinction:
Relationship between CS and CR weakens due to prolonged absence of the UCS
Spontaneous Recovery:
When a (weaker) CR returns after a time delay (without reintroducing the UCS)
Stimulus Generalization?
Can once a CR has been acquired, it can spread to occur to stimuli similar to the CS
Stimulus Discrimination?
Learning to response to a specific stimulus and not other (similar) stimuli
The Garcia Effect:
- An acquired taste aversion response
- Rats who became sick after eating a particular food would refuse to eat in the future
- Has an adaptive (evolutionary basis:
- only needs one UCS + NS pairing
