Chapter 10: Flashcards
What is intelligence?
The mental capacity to acquire knowledge, reason, and solve problems effectively.
(not knowledge or skill)
What is Sir Francis Galton known for?
What was his findings?
Mental testing.
- ) “Greatness runs in families”
- Goal what makes these individuals “great”, or incredibly intelligent.
What was the basis for Galton’s testing?
- Smart people can solve problems very quickly.
- Sensorimotor tests (reaction time)
Who is Alfred Binet?
what did he claim was linked to intelligence?
What was his test?
What is the Remedial trianing?
- ) Rejected sensorimotor tests
- ) He said intelligence was a basis of memory, attention, imagination , and comprehension.
- ) - Binet-Simon Test: the test gave mental age via the ability to solve problems associated with your age.
- ) if a child scores two years lower on the B-S test than their acutal age then they need remedial training.
Who is Lewis Terman?
What is he known for?
- ) Thought intelligence stabilized in adulthood.
- ) He elaborated on the Binet-Simon test and developed the Intelligence Quotient ( IQ) . Essentially its your mental age/ chronological age x 100 = IQ
How is IQ measured? ( as in what is the graph shape like)
1.) Bell shaped- curve, most amount of people are near average.
Describe the Wechsler intelligence scale?
Average IQ = 100
Normal scale = 85-115
Top 2% or bottom 2% = exceptional (exceptions to the population)
Bottom 2% are considered to have intellectual disabilities (ID)
Top 2 %= :gifted: or ( Geniuses)
Two main types of intelligence tests?
Speed test: designed so most people won’t finish
What is and what kind of intelligence test is the wonderlic personnel test?
Developed by eldon wonderlic in the 1930’s
used to select military pilots in WW11
used by many organizations today
best known for the NFL
50 questions long 12 minutes to complete.
————————————
Speed Test
What is the Spearman G factor?
thought that all mental abilities were strongly related to a single underlying ability: General intelligence “g”.
-Reasonable support for idea that all mental abilities do relate to some central factor…
… but still debate about whether this means there’s only one intelligence test
What were Cattel’s findings regarding intelligence?
thought that “g” could be divided into two independent components:
- Crystallized intelligence: knowledge, plus ability to access this knowledge (memory retrieval ability)
- Fluid intelligence: problem solving ability, and is known as the ability to use algorithms and heuristics correctly.
What is Sternberg’s Triarchy theory?
intelligence is not just one ability.
-someone can be high on one form of intelligence, but lower on others.
What were Sternberg’s original three in the triarchic theory?
- ) practical intelligence: ability to adapt to the environment. “street smarts”
- ) Analytical intelligence: ability to analyze problems and find the correct solution (measures g)
- ) Creative intelligence: ability to see new relationships among concepts and develop original solutions.
What did Sternberg later add to his intelligence theory?
Wisdom: the application of intelligence for common good (rather than selfish pursuits.)
What was Gardner’s theory on multiple intelligence?
- ) Linguistic intelligence: verbal reasoning, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. ( often seen on the ACT and SAT verbal test.)
- ) Logical-Mathematical intelligence test: mathematical reasoning an logical ability (math section of the act).
- ) Spatial intelligence: forming and manipulating mental images, and thinking about relationships among objects.
- ) musical intelligence: performs, composing, and appreciating music.
- ) Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence: controlling one’s motor movements
- ) naturalistic intelligence: classifying livings things as members of group, and recognizing subtle changes in the environment
- ) interpersonal intelligence: understanding intentions, emotions, motives and actions, as well as regulating your own emotional expression
- ) intrapersonal intelligence: knowing yourself and developing a positive sense of identity; planning and regulating your own life
- ) intra/inter-personal intelligence are formed into one: emotional intelligence. Regulate their own emotions to benefit others and or themselves
