Chapter 14 Book:

Question 1

Describe Frued’s pyschosexual stages?

Answer 1

Oral: (0-18 months), Pleasure centers on the mouth sucking, biting, chewing
Anal: (18-36 months), Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
Phallic: (3-6 years), Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Latency: (6- puberty), A phase of dormant sexual feelings
Genital: (puberty on), Maturation of sexual interests

Question 2

Oedipus [ED-uh-puss] :

Answer 2

complex according to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires

toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Question 3

identification:

Answer 3

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate
their parents’ values into their developing superegos.

Question 4

fixation:

Answer 4

in personality theory, according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts
were unresolved.

Question 5

collective unconscious :

Answer 5

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir

of memory traces from our species’ history.

Question 6

terror-management theory:

Answer 6

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores
people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending
death.

Question 7

humanistic theories:

Answer 7

theories that view personality with a focus on the

potential for healthy personal growth.

Question 8

unconditional positive regard:

Answer 8

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude,

which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self acceptance.

Question 9

trait:

Answer 9

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

Question 10

personality inventory:

Answer 10

a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of
feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

Question 11

social-cognitive perspective:

Answer 11

views behavior as influenced by the interaction

between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context.

Question 12

reciprocal determinism:

Answer 12

the interacting influences of behavior, internal

cognition, and environment.

Question 13

self:

Answer 13

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 14

spotlight effect:

Answer 14

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our
appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on
us).