Chapter 11 examples

Question 1

Motivation:

Answer 1

focusing on a task until it is done?

Question 2

What do motivation psychologist study?

Answer 2

• Connects observable behavior to internal states
• accounts for individual variability in behavior
• explains perseverance despite adversity
• Relates biology to behavior

Question 3

What are the two types of motivation?

Answer 3

Drives

Motives

Question 4

Drives?

Answer 4

biological based motivation

Question 5

Motives?

Answer 5

-internal mechanisms that directs behavior,

and is often used to describe motivations that are learned, rather that biologically-based

Question 6

Instinct theory?

Answer 6

Certain behaviors are determined by innate factors

Question 7

(Instinct theory) Fixed Action Potentials?

Answer 7

Genetically based behaviors expressed by all members in a species in response to the environment:
Ex: A bird building a nest

Question 8

Drive theory?

Answer 8

A drive to stay alive
- get biological needs (if failed survival is in question)
- maintain homeostasis
EX: drive theory says your hungry… so you seek out a big meal

Question 9

intrinsic motivation?

Answer 9

Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake

EX: reading a book, doing a hobby

Question 10

Extrinsic motivation?

Answer 10

Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence.
EX: study to get a good grade, do chores to get paid

Question 11

Self Determination Theory?

Answer 11

• People have a desire to control their own behavior
• Autonomy + feel competent = feeling of success
• Self-Determination increases satisfaction, motivation, and psychological wellbeing.

Question 12

Over-justification?

Answer 12

• When being rewarded for a task you enjoy your thought switches to you do a task for the reward.
• Rewards can be controlling
• causes a decrease in the task you once enjoyed doing

Question 13

Need for Achievement?

Answer 13

a mental state that produces motivation to attain challenging long-term goals
High (n ACH) - more intrinsically motivated
Low ( n ACH) - less intrinsically motivated

Question 14

Need for affiliation:

Answer 14

desire to form connections and be close to others

Question 15

Need for power:

Answer 15

Desire to be in control and direct others toward a goal

Question 16

Freud’s psychodynamic theory:

Answer 16

Motivation comes from unconscious mind

Question 17

The ID:

Answer 17

contains two basic drives:
Eros- Erotic Desire ( Creation instinct and sex drive)
Thanatos- Aggressive and destructive instinct

Question 18

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 18

explains motivation as an internal process:
-people have a series of needs that they are driven to satisfy
- needs must be addressed in a particular priority
-

Question 19

What is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

Answer 19

5. ) Physiological needs (food, water, warmth, sleep),
6. ) safety and security
7. ) belongingness and love (intimate relationships, freinds)
8. ) esteem needs ( prestige and feeling of accomplishment)
9. ) self actualization (achieving one’s full potential, including, creative activities)

Question 20

Based on Maslow’s thoery, who are self actualizers?

Answer 20

Self aware
Self accepting
Socially responsive
Spontaneous
Open to Change
.......They have got their life together!

Question 21

Expectancy Theory? (vroom, 1964)

Answer 21

Effort –> performance –> outcome

Question 22

VIE ?

Answer 22

Valance: Desirability of a particular outcome
Expectancy: Belief in your abilities
Instrumentality: Perception that good performance will lead to that outcome ( i’ll get a raise if I do a good enough job)

Question 23

Goal Setting Theory?

Answer 23

Describes how goals affect performance:

people have intentions that they work towards involves self regulation of behavior

Question 24

What factors influence whether individuals exert effort toward a goal, according to the goal setting theory?

Answer 24

They accept ( acknowledge that a particular goal should be pursued) it
If they are committed ( personal intention to pursue the goal) to it

Question 25

So, What should a good goal look like?

Answer 25

S. - specific, clear criteria for accomplishment
M. - measurable, goal attainment can be measured
A. - attainable, should be challenging but possible
R. - relevant, should have some applicability to the job
T. - time-bound, should have a concrete deadline for completion