Chapter 11 examples Flashcards
Motivation:
focusing on a task until it is done?
What do motivation psychologist study?
- Connects observable behavior to internal states
- accounts for individual variability in behavior
- explains perseverance despite adversity
- Relates biology to behavior
What are the two types of motivation?
Drives
Motives
Drives?
biological based motivation
Motives?
-internal mechanisms that directs behavior,
and is often used to describe motivations that are learned, rather that biologically-based
Instinct theory?
Certain behaviors are determined by innate factors
(Instinct theory) Fixed Action Potentials?
Genetically based behaviors expressed by all members in a species in response to the environment:
Ex: A bird building a nest
Drive theory?
A drive to stay alive
- get biological needs (if failed survival is in question)
- maintain homeostasis
EX: drive theory says your hungry… so you seek out a big meal
intrinsic motivation?
Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake
EX: reading a book, doing a hobby
Extrinsic motivation?
Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence.
EX: study to get a good grade, do chores to get paid
Self Determination Theory?
- People have a desire to control their own behavior
- Autonomy + feel competent = feeling of success
- Self-Determination increases satisfaction, motivation, and psychological wellbeing.
Over-justification?
- When being rewarded for a task you enjoy your thought switches to you do a task for the reward.
- Rewards can be controlling
- causes a decrease in the task you once enjoyed doing
Need for Achievement?
a mental state that produces motivation to attain challenging long-term goals
High (n ACH) - more intrinsically motivated
Low ( n ACH) - less intrinsically motivated
Need for affiliation:
desire to form connections and be close to others
Need for power:
Desire to be in control and direct others toward a goal
Freud’s psychodynamic theory:
Motivation comes from unconscious mind
The ID:
contains two basic drives:
Eros- Erotic Desire ( Creation instinct and sex drive)
Thanatos- Aggressive and destructive instinct
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
explains motivation as an internal process:
-people have a series of needs that they are driven to satisfy
- needs must be addressed in a particular priority
-
What is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
- ) Physiological needs (food, water, warmth, sleep),
- ) safety and security
- ) belongingness and love (intimate relationships, freinds)
- ) esteem needs ( prestige and feeling of accomplishment)
- ) self actualization (achieving one’s full potential, including, creative activities)
Based on Maslow’s thoery, who are self actualizers?
Self aware Self accepting Socially responsive Spontaneous Open to Change .......They have got their life together!
Expectancy Theory? (vroom, 1964)
Effort –> performance –> outcome
VIE ?
Valance: Desirability of a particular outcome
Expectancy: Belief in your abilities
Instrumentality: Perception that good performance will lead to that outcome ( i’ll get a raise if I do a good enough job)
Goal Setting Theory?
Describes how goals affect performance:
people have intentions that they work towards involves self regulation of behavior
What factors influence whether individuals exert effort toward a goal, according to the goal setting theory?
They accept ( acknowledge that a particular goal should be pursued) it If they are committed ( personal intention to pursue the goal) to it
So, What should a good goal look like?
S. - specific, clear criteria for accomplishment
M. - measurable, goal attainment can be measured
A. - attainable, should be challenging but possible
R. - relevant, should have some applicability to the job
T. - time-bound, should have a concrete deadline for completion
