Types of Chemicals

Question 1

a hydrocarbon whose molecules have a closed ring structure

Answer 1

cyclic (hydrocarbon)

Question 2

a polymer that can be bent or twisted by an outside force and return to its previous shape once the force is removed

Answer 2

elastomer

Question 3

a hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon double or triple bonds

Answer 3

unsaturated (hydrocarbon)

Question 4

a covalently bonded molecule that does not possess a dipole moment because of the arrangement of its atoms

Answer 4

non-polar molecule

Question 5

a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bonded to each formula unit

Answer 5

hydrate

Question 6

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (general formula C_nH_2n-2)

Answer 6

alkyne

Question 7

an insoluble solid formed by a chemical reaction between two soluble compounds

Answer 7

precipitate

Question 8

chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms

Answer 8

halocarbon

Question 9

an unstable isotope of an element

Answer 9

radioisotope

Question 10

a hydrocarbon (often a derivative of benzene) with a stable cyclic, planar structure

Answer 10

aromatic (compound)

Question 11

a substance that has other substances dissolved in it

Answer 11

solvent

Question 12

compounds that have the same formula but different arrangements of atoms around a fixed carbon-carbon double bond

Answer 12

geometric isomers (also called cis-trans iosmers)

Question 13

a hydrocarbon that consists of chains or non-aromatic rings whose carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen or carbon atoms

Answer 13

saturated (hydrocarbon)

Question 14

an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and one other acid

Answer 14

oxoacid or oxyacid

Question 15

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 15

solute

Question 16

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties

Answer 16

element

Question 17

atoms of an element that are chemically similar but have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers

Answer 17

isotopes

Question 18

a proton that is bonded to a water molecule (chemical formula H₃O⁺)

Answer 18

hydronium ion

Question 19

water with a low concentration of dissolved ions

Answer 19

soft water

Question 20

a compound that does not have any water molecules bonded to it (applies to compounds that can be hydrated)

Answer 20

anhydrous (compound)

Question 21

a solid (such as glass) in which the atoms are irregularly arranged

Answer 21

amorphous or non-crystalline (solid)

Question 22

a hypothetical gas with particles that have mass but no volume or attractive forces between them

Answer 22

ideal (gas)

Question 23

a substance that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair

Answer 23

Lewis acid or electrophile

Question 24

a substance that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure

Answer 24

liquid

Question 25

a small, repeating molecular unit in a polymer chain

Answer 25

monomer

Question 26

an acid that contains two hydrogen ions that can dissociate

Answer 26

diprotic (acid)

Question 27

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) function group bonded to a nitrogen atom

Answer 27

amide

Question 28

a functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group attached to the C atom of a carbonyl group (-COOH)

Answer 28

carboxyl group

Question 29

an -OH functional group

Answer 29

hydroxyl group

Question 30

a compound that is composed of two elements

Answer 30

binary (compound)

Question 31

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

Answer 31

ketone

Question 32

a hydrocarbon group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom; often a substitution group or branch on an organic molecule

Answer 32

alkyl group

Question 33

a molecular compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Answer 33

hydrocarbon

Question 34

any ionic compound that is formed in a neutralization reaction from the anion of an acid and the cation of a base

Answer 34

salt

Question 35

one of a family of organic compounds that is characterized by the presence of a -COOH group

Answer 35

carboxylic acid

Question 36

a solid metallic solution

Answer 36

alloy

Question 37

an acid that contains only one hydrogen ion that can dissociate

Answer 37

monoprotic (acid)

Question 38

a gas of ions and free electrons

Answer 38

plasma

Question 39

an organic compound containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain

Answer 39

amino acid

Question 40

an organic compound with two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom

Answer 40

ether

Question 41

a functional group containing a carbon atom joined with a double covalent bond to an oxygen (C=O)

Answer 41

carbonyl group

Question 42

substances that are able to mix with each other in any proportion

Answer 42

miscible (substances); the opposite of miscible is immiscible

Question 43

a positively charged ion

Answer 43

cation

Question 44

a solid in which the atoms are tightly bound to each other in a regular geometric lattice

Answer 44

crystalline (solid)

Question 45

a very long molecule formed by that covalent bonding of many smaller, identical molecular units

Answer 45

polymer

Question 46

an acid or base that completely dissociates into ions in aqueous solutions

Answer 46

strong (acid or base)

Question 47

ions that are present in a solution but are not involved in the chemical reaction

Answer 47

spectator (ions)

Question 48

a positively or negatively charged particle that results from a neutral atom or group of atoms giving up or gaining electrons

Answer 48

ion

Question 49

a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction

Answer 49

product

Question 50

a solution in which no more of a particular solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature

Answer 50

saturated (solution)

Question 51

a negatively charged ion

Answer 51

anion

Question 52

an organic compound characterized by a terminal carbonyl (C=O) functional group bonded to an H

Answer 52

aldehyde

Question 53

a combination of two or more kinds of matter in which each component retains its own characteristics

Answer 53

mixture

Question 54

the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction

Answer 54

limiting reactant

Question 55

an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C₆H₆, composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each

Answer 55

benzene

Question 56

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group

Answer 56

alcohol

Question 57

a hydrocarbon that consists of chains or non-aromatic rings; the carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen or carbon atoms

Answer 57

aliphatic (compound)

Question 58

a substance that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not involved in bonding

Answer 58

Lewis base or nucleophile

Question 59

a solution in which water is the solvent

Answer 59

aqueous (solution)

Question 60

a substance that is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor

Answer 60

Brønsted–Lowry acid

Question 61

a mixture in which the different components can be distinctly seen

Answer 61

heterogeneous (mixture)

Question 62

an alkane in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with a halogen atom as a result of a substitution reaction

Answer 62

alkyl halide

Question 63

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (general formula C_nH_2n)

Answer 63

alkene

Question 64

water with a high concentration of dissolved ions

Answer 64

hard water

Question 65

a molecule that has an uneven distribution of charge: one end has a partial positive charge and the other has a partial negative charge

Answer 65

polar molecule

Question 66

a substance that is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor

Answer 66

Brønsted–Lowry base

Question 67

the particle that results when a base receives a proton

Answer 67

conjugate acid

Question 68

an acid or base that only slightly dissociates into ions in aqueous solutions

Answer 68

weak (acid or base)

Question 69

a mixture in which the different components are mixed so that they appear to be a single substance

Answer 69

homogeneous (mixture) or solution

Question 70

an element in which atoms tend to bond with other atoms of the same element, forming a molecule that contains two atoms

Answer 70

diatomic element

Question 71

a solute that conducts a current in an aqueous solution

Answer 71

electrolyte

Question 72

a solution in which more of a particular solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature

Answer 72

unsaturated (solution)

Question 73

a mixture that maintains a nearly constant pH when diluted or when a strong acid or base is added; an equal mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer 73

buffer

Question 74

a hydrocarbon that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds (general formula C_nH_2n+2)

Answer 74

alkane

Question 75

a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed

Answer 75

catalyst

Question 76

a substance that undergoes a chemical change in a chemical reaction

Answer 76

reactant

Question 77

compounds that have the same chemical formula but different molecular arrangements and properties

Answer 77

isomers

Question 78

the particle that remains when a proton is removed from an acid

Answer 78

conjugate base

Question 79

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom

Answer 79

ester

Question 80

a material that is composed of only one type of particle

Answer 80

pure substance