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Trevor's Ultimate Everything > Types of Chemicals > Flashcards

Types of Chemicals Flashcards

1
Q

a hydrocarbon whose molecules have a closed ring structure

A

cyclic (hydrocarbon)

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2
Q

a polymer that can be bent or twisted by an outside force and return to its previous shape once the force is removed

A

elastomer

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3
Q

a hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon double or triple bonds

A

unsaturated (hydrocarbon)

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4
Q

a covalently bonded molecule that does not possess a dipole moment because of the arrangement of its atoms

A

non-polar molecule

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5
Q

a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bonded to each formula unit

A

hydrate

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6
Q

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (general formula CnH2n-2)

A

alkyne

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7
Q

an insoluble solid formed by a chemical reaction between two soluble compounds

A

precipitate

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8
Q

chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms

A

halocarbon

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9
Q

an unstable isotope of an element

A

radioisotope

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10
Q

a hydrocarbon (often a derivative of benzene) with a stable cyclic, planar structure

A

aromatic (compound)

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11
Q

a substance that has other substances dissolved in it

A

solvent

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12
Q

compounds that have the same formula but different arrangements of atoms around a fixed carbon-carbon double bond

A

geometric isomers (also called cis-trans iosmers)

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13
Q

a hydrocarbon that consists of chains or non-aromatic rings whose carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen or carbon atoms

A

saturated (hydrocarbon)

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14
Q

an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and one other acid

A

oxoacid or oxyacid

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15
Q

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

solute

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16
Q

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties

A

element

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17
Q

atoms of an element that are chemically similar but have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers

A

isotopes

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18
Q

a proton that is bonded to a water molecule (chemical formula H3O+)

A

hydronium ion

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19
Q

water with a low concentration of dissolved ions

A

soft water

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20
Q

a compound that does not have any water molecules bonded to it (applies to compounds that can be hydrated)

A

anhydrous (compound)

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21
Q

a solid (such as glass) in which the atoms are irregularly arranged

A

amorphous or non-crystalline (solid)

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22
Q

a hypothetical gas with particles that have mass but no volume or attractive forces between them

A

ideal (gas)

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23
Q

a substance that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair

A

Lewis acid or electrophile

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24
Q

a substance that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure

A

liquid

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25
Q

a small, repeating molecular unit in a polymer chain

A

monomer

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26
Q

an acid that contains two hydrogen ions that can dissociate

A

diprotic (acid)

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27
Q

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) function group bonded to a nitrogen atom

A

amide

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28
Q

a functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group attached to the C atom of a carbonyl group (-COOH)

A

carboxyl group

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29
Q

an -OH functional group

A

hydroxyl group

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30
Q

a compound that is composed of two elements

A

binary (compound)

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31
Q

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

A

ketone

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32
Q

a hydrocarbon group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom; often a substitution group or branch on an organic molecule

A

alkyl group

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33
Q

a molecular compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms

A

hydrocarbon

34
Q

any ionic compound that is formed in a neutralization reaction from the anion of an acid and the cation of a base

A

salt

35
Q

one of a family of organic compounds that is characterized by the presence of a -COOH group

A

carboxylic acid

36
Q

a solid metallic solution

A

alloy

37
Q

an acid that contains only one hydrogen ion that can dissociate

A

monoprotic (acid)

38
Q

a gas of ions and free electrons

A

plasma

39
Q

an organic compound containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain

A

amino acid

40
Q

an organic compound with two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom

A

ether

41
Q

a functional group containing a carbon atom joined with a double covalent bond to an oxygen (C=O)

A

carbonyl group

42
Q

substances that are able to mix with each other in any proportion

A

miscible (substances); the opposite of miscible is immiscible

43
Q

a positively charged ion

A

cation

44
Q

a solid in which the atoms are tightly bound to each other in a regular geometric lattice

A

crystalline (solid)

45
Q

a very long molecule formed by that covalent bonding of many smaller, identical molecular units

A

polymer

46
Q

an acid or base that completely dissociates into ions in aqueous solutions

A

strong (acid or base)

47
Q

ions that are present in a solution but are not involved in the chemical reaction

A

spectator (ions)

48
Q

a positively or negatively charged particle that results from a neutral atom or group of atoms giving up or gaining electrons

A

ion

49
Q

a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction

A

product

50
Q

a solution in which no more of a particular solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature

A

saturated (solution)

51
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion

52
Q

an organic compound characterized by a terminal carbonyl (C=O) functional group bonded to an H

A

aldehyde

53
Q

a combination of two or more kinds of matter in which each component retains its own characteristics

A

mixture

54
Q

the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction

A

limiting reactant

55
Q

an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6, composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each

A

benzene

56
Q

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group

A

alcohol

57
Q

a hydrocarbon that consists of chains or non-aromatic rings; the carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen or carbon atoms

A

aliphatic (compound)

58
Q

a substance that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not involved in bonding

A

Lewis base or nucleophile

59
Q

a solution in which water is the solvent

A

aqueous (solution)

60
Q

a substance that is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor

A

Brønsted–Lowry acid

61
Q

a mixture in which the different components can be distinctly seen

A

heterogeneous (mixture)

62
Q

an alkane in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with a halogen atom as a result of a substitution reaction

A

alkyl halide

63
Q

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (general formula CnH2n)

A

alkene

64
Q

water with a high concentration of dissolved ions

A

hard water

65
Q

a molecule that has an uneven distribution of charge: one end has a partial positive charge and the other has a partial negative charge

A

polar molecule

66
Q

a substance that is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor

A

Brønsted–Lowry base

67
Q

the particle that results when a base receives a proton

A

conjugate acid

68
Q

an acid or base that only slightly dissociates into ions in aqueous solutions

A

weak (acid or base)

69
Q

a mixture in which the different components are mixed so that they appear to be a single substance

A

homogeneous (mixture) or solution

70
Q

an element in which atoms tend to bond with other atoms of the same element, forming a molecule that contains two atoms

A

diatomic element

71
Q

a solute that conducts a current in an aqueous solution

A

electrolyte

72
Q

a solution in which more of a particular solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature

A

unsaturated (solution)

73
Q

a mixture that maintains a nearly constant pH when diluted or when a strong acid or base is added; an equal mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base

A

buffer

74
Q

a hydrocarbon that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds (general formula CnH2n+2)

A

alkane

75
Q

a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed

A

catalyst

76
Q

a substance that undergoes a chemical change in a chemical reaction

A

reactant

77
Q

compounds that have the same chemical formula but different molecular arrangements and properties

A

isomers

78
Q

the particle that remains when a proton is removed from an acid

A

conjugate base

79
Q

an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom

A

ester

80
Q

a material that is composed of only one type of particle

A

pure substance

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