Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trevor's Ultimate Everything > Biochemistry Grade 12 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Biochemistry Grade 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

a chemical that compensates for pH changes in a solution by accepting or donating H+ ions

A

buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a process in which small subunits are linked to form a large molecule

A

polymerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an ion that has a negative charge

A

anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a non-protein group that binds to an enzyme and is essential for catalytic activity

A

cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a chain of amino acid subunits that are connected by covalent bonds

A

peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of a substance by 1 degree C

A

specific heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a covalent bond that links amino acids

A

peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a peptide with more than 50 amino acids

A

polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a chemical reaction in which subunits of a larger molecule are joined by the removal of water; also called a condensation reaction

A

dehydration reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a fat with one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain (monounsaturated = one double bond; polyunsaturated = more than one double bond)

A

unsaturated fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the loss of both the structure and function of a protein

A

denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a small molecule that can bind chemically to other molecules

A

monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a bond that results from the attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules

A

ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have single bonds

A

saturated fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a lipid with a structure consisting of four fused hydrocarbon rings forming the bulky steroid structure

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the force of attraction between two molecules

A

intermolecular force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a molecule that is composed of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides linked together

A

complex carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

polar or charged molecules that are strongly attracted to water

A

hydrophilic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

oriented in opposite directions

A

antiparallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-polar molecules that are not strongly attracted to water

A

hydrophobic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-COOH, with a double bond between the carbon and one of the oxygens

A

carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar unit; a building block for more complex carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a biological catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up a chemical reaction

A

enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a biomolecule that consists of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogens, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

A

carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a group of atoms that affects the function of a molecule by participating in chemical reactions

A

functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

C3H8O3; its chemical structure consists of three hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the carbon atoms

A

glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

an ion that has a positive charge

A

cation

28
Q

a link that is formed between nucleotides by a phosphate bridge

A

phosphodiester bond

29
Q

a model of enzyme activity that describes how an enzyme changes shape to better accommodate a substrate

A

induced-fit model

30
Q

a large molecule that is formed when monomers link together chemically in a chain

A

polymer

31
Q

a non-polar compound that is made mostly of carbon and hydrogen

A

lipid

32
Q

the process in which a molecule spontaneously dissociates into ions

A

autoionization

33
Q

a reaction in which a molecule loses electrons

A

oxidation

34
Q

three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule

A

triglyceride

35
Q

a molecule that has the same composition as another, but a different arrangement of atoms

A

isomer

36
Q

a lipid that consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bound to glycerol

A

phospholipid

37
Q

the regulation of a pathway by one of the products of this pathway

A

feedback inhibition

38
Q

the attractive force between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a partially negatively charged atom in another molecule

A

hydrogen bond

39
Q

a bond between two monosaccharides

A

glycosidic bond

40
Q

a region of space that is occupied by electrons located around the nucleus of the atom

A

orbital

41
Q

partial positive or negative charge at the ends of a molecule

A

polarity

42
Q

the measure of an atom’s attraction to shared electrons

A

electronegativity

43
Q

a large molecule that consists of many amino acid subunits that are joined together by peptide bonds folded into a specific three-dimensional shape

A

protein

44
Q

a carbohydrate molecule that is made from two monosaccharide units

A

disaccharide

45
Q

a bond between two atoms, made up of unequally shared electrons

A

polar covalent bond

46
Q

a binding site on an enzyme that binds regulatory molecules

A

allosteric site

47
Q

a reaction in which an acid and a base combine to create a salt and water

A

neutralization reaction

48
Q

a molecule that contains a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the monomer subunit of proteins

A

amino acid

49
Q

a blueprint for proteins that are synthesized in cells; stores hereditary information

A

nucleic acid

50
Q

a chemical reaction in which water is used as a reactant to split a larger molecule into smaller subunits

A

hydrolysis reaction

51
Q

the regulation of one site of a protein by binding to another site on the same protein

A

allosteric regulation

52
Q

the building block of nucleic acids; consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one to three phosphate groups

A

nucleotide

53
Q

a molecule that consists of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain

A

fatty acid

54
Q

a lipid that is formed when long fatty acid chains are joined to alcohols or carbon rings

A

wax

55
Q

an electron in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom

A

valence electron

56
Q

a chemical compound derived from an acid in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group (usually derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol)

A

ester

57
Q

a lipid that is composed of four carbon rings

A

steroid

58
Q

an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom, which in turn is bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms

A

alcohol

59
Q

a situation in which molecules bind to an enzyme at a site that is not the active site, thus blocking enzyme activity

A

noncompetitive inhibition

60
Q

an organic molecule that acts as a cofactor of an enzyme

A

coenzyme

61
Q

a molecule that contains many linked monosaccharides

A

polysaccharide molecule

62
Q

an electron transfer reaction

A

redox reaction

63
Q

a situation in which a competitor substance binds to a normal substrate binding site to block enzyme activity

A

competitive inhibition

64
Q

very weak attractions between two molecules, or parts of molecules, when they are close together

A

van der Waals forces

65
Q

a reaction in which a molecule gains electrons

A

reduction

Trevor's Ultimate Everything (266 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions