Tetrarchy, Constantine, And The Fall of The West Flashcards
1
Q
How long did Diocletian reign for?
A
284-305 A.D
2
Q
When did Diocletian begin his reign?
A
284 A.D.
3
Q
Diocletian was a peasant from what part of Illyricum?
A
Dalmatia
4
Q
Diocletian’s reign marks the end of what era?
A
Era of the Barrack Emperors
5
Q
In what year did Diocletian split the Roman Empire into a tetrachy (a four person rule, a ruler for each of the four new sections)?
A
293 A.D.
6
Q
Two of the leaders in the Tetrachy would hold a traditional imperial title, while another two would hold a different traditional imperial title. What were these two titles?
A
two of them holding the title of Augustus, two of them holding the title of Caesar
7
Q
Who were the original tetrachs?
A
Diocletian, Galerius, Maximian, and Constantius Chlorus (father of Constantine the Great)
8
Q
What was Diocletian’s capital?
A
Nicomedia
9
Q
What was Galerius’s capital?
A
Sirmium
10
Q
What was Maximian’s capital?
A
Mediolanum
11
Q
What was Constantius Chlorus’s capital?
A
Augustus Treverorum
12
Q
Who was Augustus in the East?
A
Diocletian
13
Q
Who was Augustus’s Caesar in the East?
A
Galerius
14
Q
Who was the last emperor to sack Ctesiphon?
A
Galerius
15
Q
Who did Galerius fight against?
A
Parthia
16
Q
What king did Galerius defeat in order for him to sack Ctesiphon
A
King Narses
17
Q
In what year did Galerius sack Ctesiphon?
A
297 A.D.
18
Q
Who was Augustus in the West?
A
Maximian
19
Q
In what year did Maximian became Augustus in the West?
A
286 A.D.
20
Q
Who was Maximian’s Caesar in the West?
A
Constantius Chlorus
21
Q
Who declared themselves emperor in Britain from 287-293 A.D?
A
M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius
22
Q
From what years did M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius declare himself emperor of Britain?
A
287-293 A.D.
23
Q
Who replaced M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius as emperor in Britain?
A
Allectus
24
Q
When was Allectus made emperor in Britain?
A
293 A.D.
25
In what year did Constantius Chlorus defeat Allectus, restoring Britain?
296 A.D.
26
Diocletian dealt with what uprising against his rule in Egypt (296-7 A.D.)?
Domitius Domitianus and Aurelius Achilleus
27
In what years did the uprising of Domitius Domitianus and Aurelius Achilleus take place?
296-7 A.D.
28
Who was Diocletian's patron god?
Jove (Jupiter)
29
Who was Maximian's patron god?
Hercules
30
What edict did Diocletian establish in 301 A.D.?
Edict On Maximum Prices
31
When did Diocletian establish his Edict On Maximum Prices?
301 A.D.
32
What baths did Diocletian establish?
Baths of Diocletian
33
Diocletian is known for his prosecution of what group?
Christians
34
When did Diocletian and Maximian jointly abdicate from the throne?
May 1st, 305 A.D.
35
Where did Diocletian retire to?
Salona (Split), modern-day Croatia
36
Who abdicated from the throne jointly with Diocletian?
Maximian
37
How long was Constantius Chlorus Augustus in the West after the resignation of Maximian?
305-306 A.D.
38
Who became Augustus in the West after the resignation of Maximian?
Constantius Chlorus Augustus
39
How long did Galerius reign as Augustus in the East after the abdication of Diocletian?
305-311 A.D.
40
Who became Augustus in the East after Diocletian abdicated from the throne?
Galerius
41
Who passed the Edict of Toleration in 311 A.D. on their deathbed?
Galerius
42
When was the Edict of Toleration established?
311 A.D.
43
What did the Edict of Toleration end?
Prosecution of Christians
44
What happened when Maximian tired to reclaim the throne?
Tries to regain throne with and from son Maxentius and also against Constantine, who forces his (Maximian’s) suicide in 310
45
How long did Maxentius rule as Caesar in the West?
306-312 A.D.
46
Maxentius was the son of whom?
Maximian
47
Who opposed Maxentius coming to the throne as Caesar?
Constantine and Severus II
48
Who made Maxentius Caesar in the West after the death of Severus the Second in 307 A.D.?
His father Maximian
49
Who was made Augustus in west by Galerius to oppose Maxentius?
Licinius
50
Licinius was Augustus in the west for how long?
308-311 A.D.
51
After the death of whom was Licinius made Augustus in the east?
Galerius
52
When did Galerius die?
311 A.D.
53
How long was Licinius Augustus in the east?
311 A.D.- 313 A.D.
54
Who did Licinius defeated to become sole emperor of the empire in 313 A.D.?
Maximinus Daia
55
When was Licinius made sole emperor?
313 A.D.
56
Licinius's sole office of emperor last how long for him?
313-323 A.D.
57
Constantine the First is also commonly know as whom?
Constantine The Great
58
How long did Constantine rule for?
306-337 A.D.
59
When did Constantine the Great begin his reign?
306 A.D.
60
Who were the parents of Constantine the Great?
Constantius Chlorus and Helena
61
Upon who's death was Constantine the Great made emperor?
Constantius Chlorus's, his father's
62
Where was Constantine the Great first proclaimed emperor in 306 B.C.?
Eboracum (York)
63
What emperor, famous for his successful action against the Goths, is Constantine the Great proclaimed to be a descendant of?
Claudius Gothicus
64
When did Constantine the Great defeat Maxentius (son of Maximian)?
Milvian Bridge in 312 A.D.
65
In what year did Constantine the Great defeat Maxentius (son of Maximian)?
312 A.D.
66
Who did Constantine the Great defeat at Milvian Bridge in 312 A.D.?
Maxentius (son of Maximian)
67
Describe the vision Constantine the Great had before the battle at Milvian Bridge?
Sometime before the battle, legend has it he looked up to the sun and saw a cross of light above it, and with it the Greek words "Εν Τούτῳ Νίκα", En toutō níka, usually translated into Latin as "in hoc signo vinces," both phrases have the literal meaning "In this sign, you shall conquer;"
68
What words did Constantine the Great see on the cross in his vision?
"Εν Τούτῳ Νίκα", En toutō níka, usually translated into Latin as "in hoc signo vinces," both phrases have the literal meaning "In this sign, you shall conquer;"
69
After the battle at the Mivian Bridge, what part of the empire did Constantine the Great rule?
full control of the west
70
After the battle at the Mivian Bridge, what part of the empire did Licinius rule?
control of the east
71
In what year did Constantine the Great defeat Licinius, and become sole emperor of the empire?
324 A.D. at Adrianople and ultimately at Chrysopolis
72
In what battle was Licinius ultimately defeated?
Chrysopolis
73
In what battles were Licinius defeated by Constantine the Great?
324 A.D. at Adrianople and ultimately at Chrysopolis
74
What edict did Constantine the Great issue, legalizing Christianity throughout the Empire in 313 A.D.?
Edict of Milan
75
In what year was the Edict of Milan passed?
313 A.D.
76
What did the Edict of Milan do?
legalized Christianity throughout the Empire
77
In what year was the council of Nicaea held?
325 A.D.
78
The council of Nicaea resolved what controversy?
Arian controversy
79
Arians believes that Jesus was not God, instead he was what?
Subordinate to God, rather than equal to the Holy Ghost and God the Father
80
Who was an Arian?
Arius of Alexandria
81
Who opposed Arian?
Athanasius of Alexandria
82
The Council of Nicaea decided who was wrong?
Arius
83
What came out of the Council of Nicaea?
The Nicene Creed (Apostles' Creed)
84
Who was Constantine the Great's eldest son by his first wife, Minervina?
Crispus
85
Who was Minervina?
Constantine the Great's first wife?
86
When did Constantine the Great have Crispus executed?
326 A.D.
87
Whom did Constantine the Great execute in 326 A.D.?
Crispus and also Fausta, his second wife
88
Who was Constantine the Greats second wife?
Fausta,
89
When did Constantinople (former Byzantium, modern Istanbul) become the capital of the empire?
330 A.D.
90
What city was made capital of the empire in 330
A.D.?
Constantinople (former Byzantium, modern Istanbul)
91
Who was the first emperor to convert to Christianity?
Constantine the Great
92
When did Constantine the Great die?
337 A.D.
93
When was Constantine the Great baptized?
shortly before his death in 337 A.D.
94
After Constantine the Great's death, what three sons of his split the empire between themselves?
Constantine II, Constans I, Constantius II
95
What sons did Constantine's second wife, Fausta, give to him?
Constantine II, Constans I, Constantius II
96
How long did Constantine the Second reign for?
337–340 A.D.
97
What provinces did Constantine the Second recieve to rule?
Gaul, Britannia, Hispania, and Mauretania
98
Who defeated Constantine the Second in battle?
Constans I
99
Who reigned from 337-350 A.D?
Constans I
100
How long did Constans I reign for?
337-350 A.D
101
What provinces did Constans I recieve?
Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Pannonia, Macedonia, and Achaea
102
How did Constans I die?
assassinated
103
Who gave orders to assassinate Constans I?
Magnentius, a British and Frankish officer
104
How long did Constantius II reign for?
337-361 A.D.
105
Who received Constantinople, Thrace, Asia Minor,
Syria, Egypt, and Cyrenaica to rule?
Constantius II
106
Who did Constantius II fight against in 351 A.D.?
Mangnetius
107
Who killed themselves in 353 A.D. after being defeated by Constantius II?
Mangnetius
108
When did Constantius II die?
Died of illness on his way to battle his cousin Julian in the east.
109
How long did Julian reign for?
361-363 A.D
110
How was Julian related to Constantine the Great?
Nephew of Constantine the Great
111
Who was the last emperor of the Constantinian line?
Julian
112
Why is Julian known as the "Apostate"?
tried to restore paganism throughout the empire
113
Who tried to restore paganism throughout the empire?
Julian, the "Apostate"
114
What Persian ruler did Julian fight?
Shapur II
115
What group did Julian fight?
Persians
116
Who died of a spear wound said to have been thrown by a Christian?
Julian
117
How long did Jovian reign for?
363-364 A.D
118
How many months did Jovian reign for?
8 months
119
Who was Jovian?
General, unrelated to Constantine’s family who ruled for 8 months
120
Who negotiated a treaty with Shapur II?
Jovian
121
How was Jovian towards paganism?
Rescinded the pagan policies of Julian
122
The Battle of Adrianople (378 A.D.) was fought against whom?
Goths under Fritigern
123
Who led the Goths at the Battle of Adrianople?
Fritigern
124
In what year did the Battle of Adrianople take place in?
378 A.D.
125
The Battle of Adrianople was a crushing defeat for whom?
The Romans
126
What Roman died at the Battle of Adrianople?
Valens
127
Valens ruled where?
in the east
128
Where did Gratian rule?
in the west
129
How long did Gratian rule for?
375-383 A.D. in west
130
Gratian was the son of whom?
Valentinian I
131
Who convinced Gratian to renounce the title of pontifex maximus and remove the altar of victory?
St. Ambrose of Milan
132
Gratian was killed and defeated by whom?
usurper Magnus Maximus, commander in
Britain
133
What emperor was the son of Valentinian I and half-brother of Gratian?
Valentinian II
134
At what age was Valentinian II made co-Augustus in the west?
4 years of age (375 A.D.)
135
Who defeated and killed Valentinian II in 392 A.D.?
Frankish commander named Arbogast
136
After his defeat of Valentinian II in 392 A.D., Arbogast installed who as emperor?
Eugenius as emperor
137
How long did Theodosius I reign for in the east as co-Augustus?
379-392 A.D.
138
How long did Theodosius I reign for as emperor of the whole empire?
392-395 A.D.
139
Who was defeated at the Battle of the Frigidus River in 394 A.D.?
emperor Eugenius
140
Who won at the Battle of the Frigidus River?
Theodosius I
141
In what year did the Battle of the Frigidus River occur?
394 A.D.
142
Who was the last emperor to rule over both the west and the east?
Theodosius I
143
Theodosius I made what religion the official one of the state?
Christianity
144
Theodosius I closed all temples that were associated with what type of religion?
Paganism
145
What games did Theodosius I end?, because of their association with paganism?
Olympic games
146
Who was the bishop of Milan?
St. Ambrose
147
Theodosius I was forced to repent for what massacre by St Ambrose?
massacre at Thessalonica
148
When did Theodosius I die?
395 A.D.
149
Who were the sons and successors of Theodosius I?
Honorius and Arcadius
150
What son of Theodosius I ruled in the west?
Honorius
151
What son of Theodosius I ruled in the eat?
Arcadius
152
How long did Arcadius rule in the east for?
395-408 A.D.
153
How old was Arcadius when he became emperor?
17 or 18 years old
154
Who was Stilicho?
Flavius Stilicho was a high-ranking general in the Roman army who, for a time, became the most powerful man in the Western Roman Empire. He was half Vandal and married to the niece of Emperor Theodosius I.
155
Who was Arcadius's corrupt Praetorian Prefect?
Rufinus
156
Who rivaled Stilicho?
Praetorian Prefect Rufinus
157
Who conspired to have Praetorian Prefect Rufinus killed?
Stilicho conspired with Gainas, an Ostrogoth, to have Rufinus killed
158
How long did Honorius reign in the West for?
395- 423 A.D.
159
How old was Honorius when he became emperor?
10 years old
160
Where did Honorius move the western capital to?
Ravenna
161
Who was Alaric?
King of the Visogoths
162
Where did Stilicho defeat Alaric?
the Battle of Pollentia (402 A.D.) and Battle of Verona (403 A.D.)
163
In what year did the Battle of Pollentia take place?
402 A.D.
164
In what year did the Battle of Verona take place?
403 A.D.
165
What was Stilicho's military title?
magister utriusque militiae, master of both cavalry and infantry
166
In what year was Stilicho executed?
408 A.D.
167
Why did Honorius execute Stilicho?
charges of Stilicho colluding with Alaric
168
In what year did Alaric of the Visigoths sack the city Rome (first time Rome was sacked in 800 years since Brennus)?
August 24th, 410 A.D.
169
Who sacked the city of Rome on August 24th, 410 A.D.?
Alaric of the Visigoths
170
Who succeeded Aleric?
Ataulf
171
Who was taken captive by Aleric during his sack of Rome?
Galla Placidia, the daughter of Theodosius I and halfsister of Honorius
172
How long did Valentinian the Third rule for in the West?
425-455 A.D. in the west
173
Who were the parents of Valentinian the Third?
Galla Placidia and Constantius III
174
What general defeated Atilla the Hun at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (Chalons) in 451 A.D?
Flavius Aetius
175
In what battle was Atilla the Hun defeated by Flavius Aetius in 451 A.D.?
the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (Chalons)
176
In what year did the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (Chalons) occur?
451 A.D.
177
Who was Valentinian the Third's sister?
Honoria
178
What bishop convinced Attila to make peace with Rome, or to withdraw from Italy without carrying off Valentinian III’s sister, Honoria (453
A.D.)?
Bishop of Rome, Leo I
179
When did Bishop of Rome, Leo I convince Attila to make peace with Rome, or to withdraw from Italy without carrying off Valentinian III’s sister, Honoria?
453 A.D.
180
Why was general Flavius Aetius executed by Valentinian's III?
Valentinian III wasunder the influence of Petronius Maximus and the chamberlain Heraclius (454 A.D.)
181
Who was the king of the Vandals?
Gaiseric
182
In what year did Gaiseric sack Carthage?
439 A.D.
183
What city did Gaiseric sack in 439 A.D.?
Carthage
184
When did Gaiseric sack and plunder Rome?
June 3rd, 455 A.D
185
Gaiseric abducted who during his sack of Rome on June 3rd, 455 A.D?
Valentinian III’s daughters, the younger Placidia and Eudocia
186
How long did Theodosius II reign in the east for?
408 A.D.-450 A.D. in the east
187
What women dominated Theodosius II's rule?
his sister Pulcheria, and wife Aelia Eudoxia
188
What work compiled all the Romans laws passed since 312 A.D. into a book of law?
Codex Theodosianus by Theodosius II
189
What is the first university in the wolrd?
The Imperial University of Constantinople
190
Where was The Imperial University of Constantinople located?
Constantinople
191
Who founded The Imperial University of Constantinople
Theodosius II
192
In what year was The Imperial University of Constantinople founded?
425 A.D.
193
Theodosius II held the longest reign since whom?
Augustus
194
Theodosius II ruled what part of the empire?
The east
195
How did Theodosius II die?
riding incident (450 A.D.)
196
When did Theodosius II die?
450 A.D.
197
How did the eastern ruler Martian reign for?
450 A.D.-457 A.D.
198
How long did the eastern ruler Leo I rule for?
457-474 A.D.
199
Leo I's attack on Gaiseric
a (failed) three-pronged attack on Gaiseric in 468 A.D. after he had obtained release of Eudoxia and Placidia the Younger.
200
How long did Zeno rule for in the east?
474-491 A.D.
201
Zeno ruled as emperor in the east after what part had already fallen?
the west
202
How long did the Eastern ruler Justinian rule for?
527 A.D.-565 A.D.
203
What law code, similar to that of Theodosius II, did Justinian pass?
Corpus Iuris Civilis
204
Who did Justinian send to attempt to reconquer the western Roman Empire?
Belisarius to try to reconquer the western empire
205
Who was Ricimer in the west?
grandson of the Visigothic Wallia, and an Arrian, Christian, placed several of these guys on the throne and was named magister utriusque militiae under Avitus
206
Who succeeded Ricimer in his position?
Gundobad, Ricimer’s Burgundian nephew, succeeded him in the same position (472 A.D.)
207
Who was the last western emperor of Rome?
Romulus Augustulus
208
When did Romulus Augustulus reign in the west?
475-476 A.D
209
Who placed Romulus Agustulus on the throne?
Orestes, the successor to Gundobad and father Romulus Augustulus, placed him on the throne
210
What was Orestes former position?
secretary to Attila the Hun
211
Who deposed of Romulus Agustulus?
German king Odoacer
212
When was Romulus Augustulus deposed?
September 476
213
Who was emperor in the east while Romulus Augustulus was emperor in the west?
Zeno
214
How was Odoacer killed?
Theoderic the Great (Ostrogoth) killed Odoacer at a banquet circa 493 A.D.
