Types Of Attachment✅

Question 1

Who studied the types of attachment

Answer 1

Ainsworth

Question 2

Cultural variations in attachment

Answer 2

Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg

Question 3

Ainsworth’s aim

Answer 3

To see how infants behave under conditions of mild stress

Question 4

Ainsworth strange situation procedure

Answer 4

Used a controlled observation. First the parent and infant play together, the parent sits while the child plays. A stranger enters and talks to the parent. The parent leaves and infant plays. The parent then comes back, offer comfort and stranger leaves. The parent leaves infant alone. Stranger enters and offers comfort. Parent returns and offers comfort.

Question 5

Ainsworths findings

Answer 5

Identified 3 types of attachment. The most common type was secure. A child with a secure attachment to their parent, had high willingness to explore, but when a stranger entered they had moderate anxiety. When the parent left the child has some separation anxiety but easy to soothe. When the parent came back they were very happy and enthusiastic. The other types of attachment were insecure avoidant and insecure resistant

Question 6

Ainsworths conclusion

Answer 6

Ainsworth suggested that the care giver sensitivity hypothesis as an explanation for different types of attachment. Ainsworths maternal sensitivity hypothesis argues that a child’s attachment style is dependant on the behaviour their mother shows towards them.

Question 7

Advantages of ainsworth strange situation

Answer 7

Use of a controlled observation means it’s highly reliable so no external factors this makes it easy to replicate

Question 8

Disadvantages of ainsworth strange situation

Answer 8

Lacks ecological validity as it takes place In artificial environment so can’t be sure the child is reflecting their natural real life behaviour

Some people say it’s unethical as the children aren’t protected from harm as they get distressed

Question 9

Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg aim

Answer 9

To investigate the cultural differences in attachment types

Question 10

Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg procedure

Answer 10

Conducted a large scale meta-analysis in which they analyses the results of 32 separate studies in 8 countries which used ainsworth’s strange situation. 2000 babies were studied. Percentages of children who fell into each attachment type were analysed and compared

Question 11

Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg findings

Answer 11

It was found that overall all countries have more secure attachments then avoidant or resistant. Collectivist countries such as Israel and Japan have high resistant attachments compared to individualist countries. Great Britain has the lowest resistant and highest secure. China has the lowest secyre

Question 12

Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg conclusion

Answer 12

Found a large variation in in the attachment types of Children in different cultures which is likely to reflect the different child rearing practices

Question 13

Advantages of Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg study

Answer 13

Significant applications to psychology. The study was the first large scale comparative analysis of attachment studies in different countries. The conclusions significantly developed our understanding of how different child rearing practices impact a child’s life

Use of meta analysis is ethically sound. So u don’t have to consider being deceived, informed consent or protection from harm

Question 14

Disadvantages of Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg study’s

Answer 14

May not be truly representative because of the amount of studies. For example. Usa had 18 studies took place, so the results would be more accurate, but every other country only had 1,2 or 3 studies

The use of strange situation in each study is an issue. This is because the strange situation is argued to be ethnocentric. It was developed in America so based on American norms, so it may only be useful for studying American cultures