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Psychology paper 1 > Memory 1✅ > Flashcards

Memory 1✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

The multi store model of memory consists of

A

4 processes and 3 stores

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2
Q

Stimulus input

A

Where the information is detected

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3
Q

Sensory memory/ register

A

Very large capacity
Duration of milliseconds
Multimodal encoding

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4
Q

The four processes and the extra one

A 
Stimulus input
Attention 
Extra one- maintenance rehearsal 
Transfer
Retrieval
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5
Q

STM

A

Capacity 7+-2
Duration of up to 18 seconds
Acoustically encodes

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6
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

If the information is rehearsed enough it will be remembered, a lot of repetition will create a ltm

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7
Q

Transfer

A

Information that has been rehearsed enough to be remembered will be taken into ltm

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8
Q

Ltm

A

Potentially unlimited capacity
Up to a life time of duration
Semantically encoding

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9
Q

Retrieval process

A

Getting information from the Ltm back to the STM so it’s available for use

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10
Q

Advantage of multi store model of memory

A

HM
Clive wearing
Kf

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11
Q

Disadvantages of multi store model of memory

A

Oversimplified

Flashbulb memory

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12
Q

Who created working memory model

A

Baddeley and hitch

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13
Q

What’s the 4 main components of the working memory model

A

Central executive
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketch pad

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14
Q

Central executive

A

Main controller
It decides where the information goes, to either the episodic buffer, phonological loop or visuo-spatial sketch pad
When it’s decided where it’s going it diverts attention to that sub store

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15
Q

Episodic buffer

A

Is the general store

It’s for things that use both visual and verbal information like watching telly

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16
Q

Phonological loop

A

Controls all auditory information. It’s further subdivided into the acoustic store (inner ear) and articulatory store (inner voice). The acoustic store is for spoken words e.g listening to the radio. The articulatory store is for when you read a book

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17
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Can also be known as the inner eye

It processes visual and spatial things (how things look and where they are) for example planning going home from college

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18
Q

Advantages of working memory model

A

Supported by research such as KF

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19
Q

Disadvantages of working memory model

A

Central executive is too vague and simplistic

Fails to take into account musical memory

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20
Q

Types of ltm

A

Explicit and implicit

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21
Q

Types of explicit memory

A

Episodic and semantic

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22
Q

Type of implicit ltm

A

Procedural

23
Q

Episodic memory

A

Type of explicit memory
Available for conscious inspection
It’s concerned with knowing that
And is responsible for storing specific, personal events and their context for example your 10th birthday

24
Q

Semantic memory

A

Type of explicit memory, it’s available for conscious inspection and is concerned with knowing that
It’s Responsible for storing general knowledge about the world for example pars is the capital of France

25
Q

Procedural memory

A

Is a type of implicit memory, it’s not available for conscious inspection , is concerned with knowing how and is responsible for storing performance of actions and procedure of how to do things for example tying your shoe laces

26
Q

Advantages of types of ltm

A

Supported by tulving Brain scans

And supported by HM and Clive wearing

27
Q

Disadvantage of types of ltm

A

Lack of evidence to distinguish between episodic and semantic Ltm

28
Q

Forgetting

A

A persons loss of the ability to recall or recognise something they’ve previously learned

29
Q

Two explanations for forgetting

A

Interference theory and retrieval failure

30
Q

Interference theory

A

An explanation for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another. This is most likely to occur when the two memories have some similarity

31
Q

Types of interference

A

Retroactive and proactive

32
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New memories interfering with old ones

Current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning

33
Q

Proactive interference

A

New memories are hard to retrieve because of old memories interfering
Past learning interferes with learning new things

34
Q

Retrieval failure

A

Occurs due to lack of cues
An explanation for forgetting bass on the idea that the issue relates to being able to retrieve a memory that’s there but not accessible. Retrieval depends on using cues

35
Q

Cues

A

Things that serve as a reminder

36
Q

Types of cues

A

External or internal

37
Q

External cues

A

If all the same cues are in the same place it’s easier to retrieve information

38
Q

Internal cues

A

Cues that are linked to a persons state when encoding a memory. The best retrieval is when they are in the same state as they were when they were encoding

39
Q

Who researched retroactive interference

A

Müller

40
Q

Who researched proactive interference

A

Underwood

41
Q

Eyewitness Testimony

A

An account given by people of an event they’ve witnessed

42
Q

Causes of inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony

A

Post event discussion
Leading questions
Anxiety

43
Q

Misleading information

A

Information that can cause inaccuracies, and or things in your head

44
Q

Leading questions

A

A question phrased in such way as to prompt questionning your self

45
Q

Post event discussion

A

Talking about the event after it happens and forgetting some information or changing some ideas

46
Q

Who carried out the study investigating the factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony (misleading information)

A

Loftus and palmer

47
Q

Who carried out the study investigating the factors affecting eyewitness testimony (anxiety) and what’s it called

A

Loftus weapon effect

48
Q

Who investigated the effectiveness of cognitive interview on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

A

Geiselmann

49
Q

Cognitive is based on 4 components

A

Context reinstatement
Report everything
Recall from changed perspective
Recall in reverse order

50
Q

Context reinstatement

A

Mentally reinstate the context of the incident , recall the scene and what were you thinking and feeling

51
Q

Report everything

A

Say everything that happened, every detail even if you think it’s irrelevant

52
Q

Recall from changed perspective

A

Imagine the incident from someone else’s viewpoint

53
Q

Recall in reverse order

A

Try reporting the incident in a different order

Psychology paper 1 (29 decks)

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