Research Methods- Conducting Research✅

Question 1

What are the Experimental designs

Answer 1

Repeated measures
Independent groups
Matched pairs

Question 2

Repeated measures

Answer 2

The same participants are used in both conditions

Question 3

Independent groups

Answer 3

Participants are randomly allocated to different groups which represent different conditions

Question 4

Matched pairs

Answer 4

Pairs of participants are closely matched and are then randomly allocated to one of the experimental conditions

Question 5

Random sampling

Answer 5

Everyone in the target audience had an equal chance of being selected

Question 6

Opportunity sampling

Answer 6

Consists of those people available to the researcher at the time of carrying out the research

Question 7

Volunteer sampling

Answer 7

Where the participant self-select, they volunteer themselves to take part

Question 8

Stratified sampling

Answer 8

Subgroups are identified and participants chosen randomly from each subgroup

Question 9

Systematic sampling

Answer 9

The researcher uses a pre-determined system to randomly select participant

Question 10

Random sampling advantages

Answer 10

Unbiased

Question 11

Random sampling disadvantages

Answer 11

Time consuming

Question 12

Opportunity sampling strengths

Answer 12

Easiest method less time consuming

Question 13

Opportunity sampling disadvantages

Answer 13

Biased

Not going to get a wider view

Question 14

Volunteer sampling advantages

Answer 14

Less chance of drop out
Less time consuming
Les biased

Question 15

Volunteer sampling disadvantages

Answer 15

May be biased in other ways as participants are likely to become motivated and/or extra time on their hands

Question 16

Stratified sampling strengths

Answer 16

More representative

Question 17

Stratified sampling disadvantages

Answer 17

Time consuming

Question 18

Systematic sampling advantages

Answer 18

Less chance of bias

Question 19

Systematic disadvantages

Answer 19

Not truly unbiased or random unless you select a number using random method

Question 20

To types of validity

Answer 20

Internal and external validity

Question 21

Internal validity

Answer 21

If the outcome is a result of a variable

Question 22

External validity

Answer 22

The extent to which the results can be generalised to other settings

Question 23

Two types of external validity

Answer 23

Population and ecological validity

Question 24

Population validity

Answer 24

If it can be generalised the population as a whole

Question 25

Ecological validity

Answer 25

If it can be generalised to real life

Question 26

Reliability

Answer 26

How consistent the results are, if they can be repeated

Question 27

Demand characteristics

Answer 27

Participant may pick up on ques from the environment which will make the participants change their behaviour, as they become aware of the aims

Question 28

Investigator effects

Answer 28

When the investigator does something to effect/ influence a participants behaviour e.g tone of voice or facial expressions

Question 29

Social desirability effects

Answer 29

Would be fake behaviour

Wanting to look good infront of researcher

Question 30

Single blind technique

Answer 30

The researcher knows the aim of the study but participants don’t

Question 31

Double blind technique

Answer 31

Neither the researcher or the participant knows the aim

Question 32

What does the double blind technique help

Answer 32

eliminate investigator effects

Question 33

Pilot study

Answer 33

A small scale study conducted on a small sample

Question 34

What does a pilot study help the researcher do?

Answer 34

Identify any potential problems with the analysis method design and instructions given to participants and so on

Question 35

Main ethical issues

Answer 35

Deception
Informed consent
Protection from harm

Question 36

Other ethical issues

Answer 36

Right to withdraw, confidentiality, privacy