Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 factors essential for its rapid spread

A
  1. crowded living conditions
  2. population with little innate resistance
  3. extremely clean conditions
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2
Q

TB is second to what disease as a cause of death resulting from a single infectious agent

A

HIV

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3
Q

what is the extrapulmonary form of TB

A

target monocytes, circulate blood, then goes everywhere

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4
Q

how fast does M. tuberculosis grow? what does this cause

A

slow-growing

chronic infection

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5
Q

how is TB transmitted

A

inhalation or ingestion

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6
Q

what are the 2 forms of TB

A

primary

seconday

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7
Q

what causes secondary TB

A

reactivation of dormant organisms

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8
Q

what damage happens in primary form

A

formation of granulomas followed by ceseation

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9
Q

for an immunocompromised individual what damage happens in the primary form

A

proceeds to miliary BTB

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10
Q

what causes occurs in secondary form

A

delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction ( Type IV hypersensitivity)

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11
Q

why in secondary TB does it occur in middle or upper lobe

A

TB is obligate aerobic

most oxygen in upper/middle lung

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12
Q

what is found in miliary TB

A

white nodule made of miliary foci of TB

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13
Q

what is located in the cell wall? what is the importance of it

A

wax

-need lots of energy to make it, slow growing

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14
Q

how can you see TB under microscope

A

rhodamine-auramine fluorescent dye

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15
Q

what color does TB show in fast acid stain

A

Red

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16
Q

process of fast acid stain

A

carbofuchsin
water
acid alcohol
methylene blue

17
Q

what uptakes the dye in acid fast stain

A

mycolic acid

18
Q

how does mycolic acid impact the cell

A

affects permeability of cell

19
Q

TB grows inside what cells

A

macrophages/monocytes

20
Q

what are 2 ways TB inhibits job of macrophages

A
  1. prevents phagosome/lysosome fusion

2. escape phagosome

21
Q

what might allow TB to escape phagosome

22
Q

how does TB prevent acidification of phagosome

A

produces NH4

23
Q

what does cell wall components of TB produce and their role

A

TNF alpha

lung damage

24
Q

what are 3 ways you could diagnose TB

A
  1. examination of sputum
  2. chest x-ray
  3. tuberculin skin test (PPD)
25
what are two caveats to PPD test
immunosupressive patient may not react | BCG vaccine are PPD+
26
how does aids aid in TB
reduced CD4 T cell does not allow macrophages to be activated
27
do aids and TB patients respond to treatment
if caught in time
28
how long does it take to treat tuberculosis
6 months
29
myobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex grows what in macrophages
acid-fast bacilli
30
where is (MAI) found
soil water fruits
31
how does one diagnose MAI
blood culture
32
mycobacterium leprae can be grown where
armadillos, not in lab
33
how can one diagnose lepracy
acid fast bacilli in skin lesion
34
name 2 presentations for mycobacterium leprae
tuberculoid leprosy- | lepratomous leprosy
35
tuberculoid leprosy is what
self liming disease (CMI) | cell mediated response Th1 (infectivity is low)
36
lepratomous leprosy
severest form of leproscy ( NO CMI) | deficient Th2 response (infectivity is hight)
37
lepratomous leprosy is analogous to what other disease
miliary TB
38
does lepratomous leprosy react to leromin
no
39
how long is treatment for leprosy
2 years