Staphylococci Flashcards
Staphylococci are what type of cell wall bacteria
gram positive
Staphylococci stains what color in the microscope
purple
which Staphylococci are coagulase negative Staphylococci
s. epidermis
s. saprophyticus
Staphylococci aureus ferments what
- glucose –> lactic acid
- mannitol
does staphylococci form spores
no
Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test
smear bacteria
- add antibiotic
determine which are sensitive/ resistant
what gene is responsible for methicillin resistance located on staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mecA gene
what are 3 major reservoirs of hospital-associated MRSA
- patients
- healthcare workers
- inanimate environment
name a cytolitc toxin
panton-Valetine leukocidin
What consists of the exfoliative toxin A
enterotoxins
TSST
exfoliative toxin A have what immune response
superantigen
panton-Valetine leukocidin causes what infection
necrotizing pneumonia
S. aureus is a major cause of what disease
empyema
treatment for s. aureus skin infections
cephalosporins
clindamycin
treatment of MRSA
IV vancomysin
treatment for S. aureus
penicillinase - penicillin resistant
what is virulence factor for s. epidermidis
glycocalyx
dysuria
pain in urination
pyuria
pus in urine
what test help differentiate between staph and strep
catalase test
are staphylococci motile
non-motile
S. aureus is resistant to what drugs
tet macrolides lincosamides fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin is a virulence factor for staph. aureus, how does it work
prevents phagocytosis
location of impetigo
superficial skin infection
location of foliculitis
pyogenic infection of hair follicle
locationof buruncles
extension of follicle
carbuncles
infection into deep subcutaneous tissue
what is the mean incubation for enterotoxins for food poisoning
4 hours
what are the symptoms for food poisoning
vomiting diarrhea (nonbloody) no fever nausea abdominal cramp
what is the major mechanisms for combating staphylococcal infections
phagocytosis
name 2 ways staph bypasses the immune response
biofilms
bacterial capsule/protein inhibit phagocytosis
staphylococci may be difficult to kill after phagocytic engulfment because
produce caotenoids and catalase which neutralize O2 and superoxide ( phagocytic killing mechanism)
glycocalyx how does it work as a virulence factor for s. epidermis
helps with adhesion, antiphagocitic, makes it resistant to antibiotics
