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POD Exam 2 > Aminoglycosides > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides Flashcards

1
Q

aminoglycosides mainly treats what bacteria

A

serious gram negative infections

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2
Q

mechanism of action: where does aminoglycosides initial bind to in cell, what does this cause

A
  • outer membrane of cell

- rearrangement of LPS

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3
Q

mechanism of action: how does aminoglycosides cross the cell membrane?

A
  • needs energy from electrochemical gradeint

- trapped in cell

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4
Q

what does aminoglycosides bind to inside cell? what does this cause

A
  • 30S and 50s ribosomal subunit

- decreased protein synthesis

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5
Q

is aminoglycosides bactericidal or static

A

cidal, might be static, not fully understood

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6
Q

aminoglycosides exhibit what type of dependent killing

A

concentration dependent killing

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7
Q

name two families that are concentration dependent killing

A

aminoglycosides

fluroquinolones

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8
Q

how well is aminoglycosides absrobed

A

poorly absorbed from GI tract

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9
Q

how well is aminoglycosides distributed to lungs

A

poorly

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10
Q

how much and when does aminoglycosides distribute to CSF

A

20% with inflammation

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11
Q

how is aminoglycosides excreted

A

unchanged via glomerular filtration

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12
Q

how does distribution and elimination change for the elderly

A

decrease both

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13
Q

how does distribution and elimination change for the critically ill ( dehydrated or volume overload)

A

change distribution

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14
Q

how does distribution and elimination change for renal disease patients

A

decrease elimination

change distribution

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15
Q

how does distribution and elimination change for the malnourished patients

A

decrease distribution and creatinine production

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16
Q

what are the 1/2 lives of aminoglycosides

A

they vary

17
Q

what are the two most common aminoglycosides

A

tobramycin

gentamicin

18
Q

what aminoglycosides is only available in north carolina

A

amikacin

19
Q

what is the only aminoglycoside given orally

A

neomycin

20
Q

with high peaks, what adverse effects occur

A

ototoxicity - impairment in 8th cranial nerve

21
Q

with high troughs, what adverse effect occurs

A

nephrotoxicity

22
Q

with aminoglycosides what organ must be closely watched

A

kidney

23
Q

neuromusclar blockage can cause what

A

prolonged paralysis

24
Q

what organisms does aminoglycosides cover

A

all gram negative organisms including pseudomonas

gram positive: enterococcus

25
Q

how does aminoglycosides cover staph spp.

A

synergy

26
Q

what drug is used for tuberculosis

A

streptomycin

27
Q

what drug is used for brucellosis

A

gentamicin

28
Q

name 3 uses for oral aminoglycosides? and which aminoglycoside is used for each situation

A
  • suppression of intestinal bacterial flora (neomycin)
  • hepatic coma (neomycin)
  • intestinal amebiases: tapeworm (paromomycin)
29
Q

where does one use topical aminioglycosides

A

ear and eye

30
Q

which aminoglycoside is only available for orally

A

neomycin

31
Q

what is the most accurate method to determine an individual dose

A

pharmacokinetc principles

32
Q

what is the least accurate method to determine an individual dose

A

trial and error

33
Q

what is the first first dose given in a Hartford Nomogram, then how does it work

A

7mg/kg, adjust dose by peaks and troughs

34
Q

After how many doses is steady state achieved in aminoglycosides

A

3-4 doses

35
Q

for distribution for aminoglycoside, what part of the organ does it go last

A

lung

36
Q

where is the highest concentration of aminoglycosides found

A

urine

37
Q

what happens when there excess trough for aminoglycoside

A

kidney toxicity

38
Q

aminoglycosides distribute freely where

A

vascular space

POD Exam 2 (28 decks)

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