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POD Exam 2 > Antimicrobial Therapy: General Principles > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Therapy: General Principles Flashcards

1
Q

bactericidal Agent

A

kills bacteria

bacteria death

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2
Q

bacteriostatic agent

A
  • inhibitory to growth of susceptible microorganisms

- holds bacteria till immune system kills it

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3
Q

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic agent, which one is probably not good to use for an immunodeficient patient?

A

Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

Why do you not want to use a broad spectrum of antibiotics on a patient?

A

bacteria is more likely to gain resistance

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5
Q

Resistant Microorganism

A

[drug] required to inhibit or kill concentration cannot be achieved safely

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6
Q

Synergy

A

Enhancement of action of one drug by another

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7
Q

Antagosims

A

Decreased action of one drug by another

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8
Q

Usually what two types of drugs put together will make an antagonism

A

bacteriostatic and bactericidal

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9
Q

How is bacteriostatic and bactericidal antagonisms bad

A
  • static drug inhibits cell division and protein synthesis

- cidal drugs need the active cell division/protein synthesis to work

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10
Q

Post antibiotic effect

A

persistent effect of an antimicrobial on bacterial growth following brief exposure of organisms to a drug

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11
Q

name two examples that have high degree of post antibiotic effect

A

aminoglycosides

fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

Concentration Dependent Killing

A

bacterial killing is dependent on peak concentration

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13
Q

when does optimal killing occur for concentration dependent killing

A

Concentration exceeds 10 times MIC

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14
Q

what does MIC stand for

A

minimum inhibit component

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15
Q

Time dependent kill

A
  • bacterial killing is dependent on amount of time the concentration stay above the MIC during dosing interval
  • 40-50% above dosing interval
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16
Q

What happens when drug drops below the MIC level

A

bacteria develop resistance

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17
Q

Give two examples of antibiotics for concentration dependent killing

A

aminoglycosides

fluoroquinolones

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18
Q

In the cell membrane, what must antibiotics be able to pass in order to penetrate gram negative bacteria

A

pore

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19
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase white blood cell count

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20
Q

What are 4 ways the body confirms the presence of an infection

A
  1. Fever
  2. Leukocytosis
  3. physical findings
  4. predisposing factors
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21
Q

What are the 4 basic steps in therapy

A
  1. determine site of infection
  2. determine causative organism
  3. select drug
  4. follow up patient
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22
Q

Empiric therapy

A

culture site before starting antibiotics

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23
Q

Is it okay to start antibiotics based on only gram strain results

A

no

24
Q

what are 2 reasons for starting antibiotics without knowing the causative organism

A
  1. site of infection is difficult to culture

2. serious infection

25
Q

When is oral and IV routes of administration given?

A

oral: moderal infections
IV: severe infections

26
Q

When is intramuscular given?

A

IV not obtainable

-short term

27
Q

What disease has the hardest drug distrubution

A

meningitis

28
Q

Many drugs are eliminated through what system

A

renal

29
Q

define drug interactions

A

concurrent medication interferes with antibiotic

30
Q

what is a disadvantage for combination therapy

A

added risk of toxicity

31
Q

superinfection

A

infection occurring after or on top of an earlier infection, especially following treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics

32
Q

what are two examples of superinfection

A

C. diff

yeast infection

33
Q

when someone spikes a fever what should you (doc) do

A

REPAN culture

check, urine, sputum, and blood

34
Q

How do you take of abcess

A

drain it, don’t need antibiotic in most cases

35
Q

what is a major symptom of C. diff

A

diarrhea

36
Q

what does a superinfection do to normal flora

A

alterations in normal flora results in removal of inhibitory influences in the body

37
Q

When patient starts antibiotics and has diarrhea what should you not give the patient? what can it cause

A

Immondium - only takes care of diarrhea not the toxin. toxic megacolon

38
Q

gram positive oragnisms

A

staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococcus

39
Q

gram negative organisms what are the 3 catgegories

A

Piddly
Fence
Space

40
Q

name the gram negative piddly bugs

A 
Haemophilus
morexella
morganella
shigella
salmonella
41
Q

name the gram negative fence bugs

A

proteus
eschericia coli
klebsiella

42
Q

name the gram negative space bugs

A 
serratia
pseudomonas
acinetobacter
citrobacter
enterobacter
43
Q

what category of gram negative space bugs are the hardest to treat

A

SPACE

44
Q

Name the atypical bugs

A

chlamydia
mycoplasma
legionella

45
Q

name the anaerobe bugs

A

peptostreptococcus
bacteriodes
clostridium

46
Q

common name for mycoplasma pneumonia

A

walking pneumonia

47
Q

why is synergy a technique used for treating space bugs

A
  • more likely to get correct sensitivity
  • decrease chance of resistance
  • Box in one Coverage
48
Q

why is monotherapy a technique used for treating space bugs

A
  • decreases chances of adverse drug reactions

- Ace in the Hole

49
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an acute allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.

50
Q

what drug do you use as a last resort for space bug

A

colistin

51
Q

what penicillins over space bugs

A

piperacillin

ticarcillin

52
Q

what cephalosporins cover space bugs

A

ceftazidime

cefepime

53
Q

what carbapenems cover space bugs

A

impinenem

meropenem

54
Q

what monobactum covers space bugs

A

aztreonam

55
Q

for box in one coverage what drugs are put together

A

a cell wall inhibitor with FQN or aminoglycosides

POD Exam 2 (28 decks)

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