Introduction to medical mycology

Question 1

If a patient is sick and antibiotics did not make them feel better, what is the most likely reason for their sickness

Answer 1

fungal

Question 2

what about pneumonia might make you think it’s fungus

Answer 2

• lasted longer than a viral flu

- resulting from exposure from dust with bird or bat droppings so to desert sand

Question 3

what about fever might make you think it’s fungus

Answer 3

• lasted longer than viral flu

- does not respond to antibiotics

Question 4

when is meningitis considered fungal

Answer 4

when it occurs in a compromised patient

Question 5

how do bacterial cultures come back as for fungus

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

what respiratory problems might indicate a fungal infection

Answer 6

comes with weight loss and night sweats

Question 7

mycology

Answer 7

study of fungi

Question 8

mycoses

Answer 8

disease caused by fungi

Question 9

what is the membrane of fungi made of

Answer 9

ergosterol

Question 10

what is the cell wall of fungi made of

Answer 10

chitin

Question 11

Name 2 types of fungi

Answer 11

yeast

mold

Question 12

what is the difference between yeast and mold

Answer 12

yeast: single cells
mold: long filaments

Question 13

what do fungi look like under microscope

Answer 13

oval to round

Question 14

how do fungi reproduce

Answer 14

budding

Question 15

macroscopically, what does mold look like

Answer 15

surface texture, wooly

Question 16

Name a type of mold

Answer 16

Hyphae

Question 17

what are 2 types of hyphae

Answer 17

non-septated

septate

Question 18

what is a hyphae non-septated

Answer 18

Ceonocytic: multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis

Question 19

what is septate hyphae

Answer 19

single cells separated by cross walls

Question 20

what is dimorphism

Answer 20

capable of growing in mold or yeast from under different environmental conditions

Question 21

name 4 pathogenic factors of fungi

Answer 21

• adhesions
• C. neoformans: only one with antiphagocytic capsule
• survive in macrophage by H. capsulatum
• lack of host resistance

Question 22

what is the hosts response to fungal infection

Answer 22

• high innate immunity
• humoral response limited
• cellular deffense

Question 23

what is the major mechanism of resistance to fungi

Answer 23

cellular defenses

Question 24

what are some extrinsic factors that makes us susceptible to fungal infections

Answer 24

• burns
• steroids
• immunosuppresive therapy
• antiobiotics

Question 25

how does one ask questions to determine if a patient has fungal infection

Answer 25

1. have they had an invasive procedure
2. increase use of immunosupressive drugs
3. increase in immunosupressive disease

Question 26

what type of agar is used for fungis

Answer 26

Sabouraud’s agar

Question 27

What is wood lamp test

Answer 27

several fungi flouresces under UV light

Question 28

how are types of fungi charactergorized

Answer 28

where they are located in skin

• superficial
• cutaneous
• subcutanous
• systemic

Question 29

how does one acquire systemic fungi

Answer 29

geographically located in parts of world

Question 30

opprotunistic fungal infections require what to infect?example?

Answer 30

impairment of host immunity

ex. AIDS

Question 31

what is located in fungal cell membrane

Answer 31

ergosterol

Question 32

why can ergosterol be bad for humans

Answer 32

ergosterol can also bind cholesterol