Introduction to medical mycology Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient is sick and antibiotics did not make them feel better, what is the most likely reason for their sickness

A

fungal

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2
Q

what about pneumonia might make you think it’s fungus

A
  • lasted longer than a viral flu

- resulting from exposure from dust with bird or bat droppings so to desert sand

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3
Q

what about fever might make you think it’s fungus

A
  • lasted longer than viral flu

- does not respond to antibiotics

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4
Q

when is meningitis considered fungal

A

when it occurs in a compromised patient

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5
Q

how do bacterial cultures come back as for fungus

A

negative

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6
Q

what respiratory problems might indicate a fungal infection

A

comes with weight loss and night sweats

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7
Q

mycology

A

study of fungi

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8
Q

mycoses

A

disease caused by fungi

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9
Q

what is the membrane of fungi made of

A

ergosterol

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10
Q

what is the cell wall of fungi made of

A

chitin

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11
Q

Name 2 types of fungi

A

yeast

mold

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12
Q

what is the difference between yeast and mold

A

yeast: single cells
mold: long filaments

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13
Q

what do fungi look like under microscope

A

oval to round

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14
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A

budding

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15
Q

macroscopically, what does mold look like

A

surface texture, wooly

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16
Q

Name a type of mold

17
Q

what are 2 types of hyphae

A

non-septated

septate

18
Q

what is a hyphae non-septated

A

Ceonocytic: multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis

19
Q

what is septate hyphae

A

single cells separated by cross walls

20
Q

what is dimorphism

A

capable of growing in mold or yeast from under different environmental conditions

21
Q

name 4 pathogenic factors of fungi

A
  • adhesions
  • C. neoformans: only one with antiphagocytic capsule
  • survive in macrophage by H. capsulatum
  • lack of host resistance
22
Q

what is the hosts response to fungal infection

A
  • high innate immunity
  • humoral response limited
  • cellular deffense
23
Q

what is the major mechanism of resistance to fungi

A

cellular defenses

24
Q

what are some extrinsic factors that makes us susceptible to fungal infections

A
  • burns
  • steroids
  • immunosuppresive therapy
  • antiobiotics
25
how does one ask questions to determine if a patient has fungal infection
1. have they had an invasive procedure 2. increase use of immunosupressive drugs 3. increase in immunosupressive disease
26
what type of agar is used for fungis
Sabouraud's agar
27
What is wood lamp test
several fungi flouresces under UV light
28
how are types of fungi charactergorized
where they are located in skin - superficial - cutaneous - subcutanous - systemic
29
how does one acquire systemic fungi
geographically located in parts of world
30
opprotunistic fungal infections require what to infect?example?
impairment of host immunity | ex. AIDS
31
what is located in fungal cell membrane
ergosterol
32
why can ergosterol be bad for humans
ergosterol can also bind cholesterol