Introduction to medical mycology Flashcards
If a patient is sick and antibiotics did not make them feel better, what is the most likely reason for their sickness
fungal
what about pneumonia might make you think it’s fungus
- lasted longer than a viral flu
- resulting from exposure from dust with bird or bat droppings so to desert sand
what about fever might make you think it’s fungus
- lasted longer than viral flu
- does not respond to antibiotics
when is meningitis considered fungal
when it occurs in a compromised patient
how do bacterial cultures come back as for fungus
negative
what respiratory problems might indicate a fungal infection
comes with weight loss and night sweats
mycology
study of fungi
mycoses
disease caused by fungi
what is the membrane of fungi made of
ergosterol
what is the cell wall of fungi made of
chitin
Name 2 types of fungi
yeast
mold
what is the difference between yeast and mold
yeast: single cells
mold: long filaments
what do fungi look like under microscope
oval to round
how do fungi reproduce
budding
macroscopically, what does mold look like
surface texture, wooly
Name a type of mold
Hyphae
what are 2 types of hyphae
non-septated
septate
what is a hyphae non-septated
Ceonocytic: multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis
what is septate hyphae
single cells separated by cross walls
what is dimorphism
capable of growing in mold or yeast from under different environmental conditions
name 4 pathogenic factors of fungi
- adhesions
- C. neoformans: only one with antiphagocytic capsule
- survive in macrophage by H. capsulatum
- lack of host resistance
what is the hosts response to fungal infection
- high innate immunity
- humoral response limited
- cellular deffense
what is the major mechanism of resistance to fungi
cellular defenses
what are some extrinsic factors that makes us susceptible to fungal infections
- burns
- steroids
- immunosuppresive therapy
- antiobiotics
how does one ask questions to determine if a patient has fungal infection
- have they had an invasive procedure
- increase use of immunosupressive drugs
- increase in immunosupressive disease
what type of agar is used for fungis
Sabouraud’s agar
What is wood lamp test
several fungi flouresces under UV light
how are types of fungi charactergorized
where they are located in skin
- superficial
- cutaneous
- subcutanous
- systemic
how does one acquire systemic fungi
geographically located in parts of world
opprotunistic fungal infections require what to infect?example?
impairment of host immunity
ex. AIDS
what is located in fungal cell membrane
ergosterol
why can ergosterol be bad for humans
ergosterol can also bind cholesterol
