Inflammation Flashcards
what are the 5 signs of inflammation
heat redness swelling pain loss of function
what are the 5 R’s of inflammation
recognition recruitment removal regulation repair
Blood flow into microcirculation is primarily controlled how?
by altering smooth muscle tone in arterioles
vasodilation/vasoconstriction
what causes inflammation
infection
physical injury
arthritis
inflammation of joints
salpengitis
inflammation of fallopian tubes
pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas
name 3 cells that recognize pathogens
macrophage
dendritic cell
mast cell
monocytes in blood vessels that go into tissue are then called what?
macrophage
Onset for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
acute: fast
chronic: slow
cellular infiltrate for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
acute: neutrophils
chronic: monocytes/macrophages
tissue injury for for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
acute: mild
chronic: severe
local systemic signs for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
acute: prominent
chronic: subtle
calor
heat
Redness
rubor
Swelling
tumor
Pain
dolor
name two events in acute inflammation
vascular and cellular evens
in acute inflammation what occurs in vascular event
increase blood flow
vascular permeability
in acute inflammation what occurs in cellular events
leukocyte accumulation
- migration of neutrophils
name 3 broad processes for inflammation
- increase blood flow
- deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins
- neutrophil emigration
Starling’s law
hydrostatic pressure of the blood is normally nearly balanced by the oncotic pressure of plasma protein
what occurs in transduate
low protein content in vessel
what occurs in exudate
high protein content in vessel
mediators for vasodilation and increases permeability
histamine
serotonin
bradykinin
PAF
what can cause endothelial injury
burns or toxins
hyperemia
heat and redness
what role does NO play in inflammation
relaxes smooth muscle
define vascular stasis
slowly moving red cells, neutrophils accumulate along vascular endothelium
what happens when you get a white line on skin
transient vasoconsctriction
what happens when the skin has a dull red line
vasodilation of all vessels by histamine and NO
leukocyte recruitment attachment to and rolling on endothelium is mediated by what set of proteins
selectins
Leukocyte recruitment by firm attachment is mediated by what group or proteins
integrins attaching to ICAMS
name 2 types of selectins located on the endothelial wall
P-selectin
E-selectin
who upregulates ICAM on to endothelium
TNF and IL-1
who upregulates integrins on leukocytes
C5a and LTB
what protein helps neutrophils out of vessels
PECAM-1
during chemotaxis how are neutrophils attracted to site of infection
C5a
LTB4
bacterial products
what opsonins enhance phagocytosis
C3b and iC3b
IgG
write the process of oxygen dependent killing
O2 –> O2- –>H2O2 –>HOCL
what converts O2 to O2-
oxidase NADPH
what converts O2- to H2O2
superoxide dismutase (SOD)
what converts H2O2 to HOCL
MPO
what is chronic granulomatous disease of infancy
- poor oxygen dependent killing
- defect in NADPH oxidase
people who have chronic granulomatous disease have reoccurring infections of what type
by catalase positive bacteria
-catalase blocks H2O2 production
Leukocyte-mediated tissue injury, injures what type of tissues
offender tissue and host tissues
what does histamine do
- vasodilation
- increase vascular permeability
- endothelial activation
what do prostaglandins do
- vasodilation
- pain
- fever
what does leukotrienes do
- increase vascular permeability
- chemotaxis
- leukocyte adhesion
what cytokine recruits neutrophils and monocytes
IL-17 made from T-lymphocytes
what is the action of kinins
- increase vascular permeability
- smooth muscle contraction
- vasodilation
- pain
name two products of archidonic acid
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
lipoxygenase makes what
leukotrienes
cycloxygenase makes what
prostaglandins
role of prostaglandins
- vasodilation
- pain and fever
role of thromboxane
vasoconstriction
role of leukotrienes
- vascular and smooth muscle reactions
- leukocyte recruitment
role of PAF
platelet stimulation
increase permeability
complement system: role of C3a and C5a
- increase vascular permeability
- vasodilation
complement system: role of C3b and iC3b
opsonization and phagocytosis
role of bradykinin
vasodilator
-increase vascular permeability
what blocks both pathways in arachidonic acid
glucocosteroid
what does aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen blcok
blocks arachidonic acid to cycloxygenase
Cycloxygenase product:PGI2
vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation
PAF is derived from what
phosohplipids
what is role of chemokines
recruitment of leukocytes
