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POD Exam 2 > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 signs of inflammation

A 
heat
redness
swelling
pain
loss of function
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2
Q

what are the 5 R’s of inflammation

A 
recognition
recruitment
removal
regulation
repair
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3
Q

Blood flow into microcirculation is primarily controlled how?

A

by altering smooth muscle tone in arterioles

vasodilation/vasoconstriction

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4
Q

what causes inflammation

A

infection

physical injury

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5
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of joints

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6
Q

salpengitis

A

inflammation of fallopian tubes

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7
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

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8
Q

name 3 cells that recognize pathogens

A

macrophage
dendritic cell
mast cell

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9
Q

monocytes in blood vessels that go into tissue are then called what?

A

macrophage

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10
Q

Onset for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation

A

acute: fast
chronic: slow

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11
Q

cellular infiltrate for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation

A

acute: neutrophils
chronic: monocytes/macrophages

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12
Q

tissue injury for for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation

A

acute: mild
chronic: severe

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13
Q

local systemic signs for acute inflammation and chronic inflammation

A

acute: prominent
chronic: subtle

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14
Q

calor

A

heat

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15
Q

Redness

A

rubor

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16
Q

Swelling

A

tumor

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17
Q

Pain

A

dolor

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18
Q

name two events in acute inflammation

A

vascular and cellular evens

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19
Q

in acute inflammation what occurs in vascular event

A

increase blood flow

vascular permeability

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20
Q

in acute inflammation what occurs in cellular events

A

leukocyte accumulation

- migration of neutrophils

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21
Q

name 3 broad processes for inflammation

A
  1. increase blood flow
  2. deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins
  3. neutrophil emigration
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22
Q

Starling’s law

A

hydrostatic pressure of the blood is normally nearly balanced by the oncotic pressure of plasma protein

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23
Q

what occurs in transduate

A

low protein content in vessel

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24
Q

what occurs in exudate

A

high protein content in vessel

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25
Q

mediators for vasodilation and increases permeability

A

histamine
serotonin
bradykinin
PAF

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26
Q

what can cause endothelial injury

A

burns or toxins

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27
Q

hyperemia

A

heat and redness

28
Q

what role does NO play in inflammation

A

relaxes smooth muscle

29
Q

define vascular stasis

A

slowly moving red cells, neutrophils accumulate along vascular endothelium

30
Q

what happens when you get a white line on skin

A

transient vasoconsctriction

31
Q

what happens when the skin has a dull red line

A

vasodilation of all vessels by histamine and NO

32
Q

leukocyte recruitment attachment to and rolling on endothelium is mediated by what set of proteins

A

selectins

33
Q

Leukocyte recruitment by firm attachment is mediated by what group or proteins

A

integrins attaching to ICAMS

34
Q

name 2 types of selectins located on the endothelial wall

A

P-selectin

E-selectin

35
Q

who upregulates ICAM on to endothelium

A

TNF and IL-1

36
Q

who upregulates integrins on leukocytes

A

C5a and LTB

37
Q

what protein helps neutrophils out of vessels

A

PECAM-1

38
Q

during chemotaxis how are neutrophils attracted to site of infection

A

C5a
LTB4
bacterial products

39
Q

what opsonins enhance phagocytosis

A

C3b and iC3b

IgG

40
Q

write the process of oxygen dependent killing

A

O2 –> O2- –>H2O2 –>HOCL

41
Q

what converts O2 to O2-

A

oxidase NADPH

42
Q

what converts O2- to H2O2

A

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

43
Q

what converts H2O2 to HOCL

A

MPO

44
Q

what is chronic granulomatous disease of infancy

A
  • poor oxygen dependent killing

- defect in NADPH oxidase

45
Q

people who have chronic granulomatous disease have reoccurring infections of what type

A

by catalase positive bacteria

-catalase blocks H2O2 production

46
Q

Leukocyte-mediated tissue injury, injures what type of tissues

A

offender tissue and host tissues

47
Q

what does histamine do

A
  • vasodilation
  • increase vascular permeability
  • endothelial activation
48
Q

what do prostaglandins do

A
  • vasodilation
  • pain
  • fever
49
Q

what does leukotrienes do

A
  • increase vascular permeability
  • chemotaxis
  • leukocyte adhesion
50
Q

what cytokine recruits neutrophils and monocytes

A

IL-17 made from T-lymphocytes

51
Q

what is the action of kinins

A
  • increase vascular permeability
  • smooth muscle contraction
  • vasodilation
  • pain
52
Q

name two products of archidonic acid

A

prostaglandins and leukotrienes

53
Q

lipoxygenase makes what

A

leukotrienes

54
Q

cycloxygenase makes what

A

prostaglandins

55
Q

role of prostaglandins

A
  • vasodilation

- pain and fever

56
Q

role of thromboxane

A

vasoconstriction

57
Q

role of leukotrienes

A
  • vascular and smooth muscle reactions

- leukocyte recruitment

58
Q

role of PAF

A

platelet stimulation

increase permeability

59
Q

complement system: role of C3a and C5a

A
  • increase vascular permeability

- vasodilation

60
Q

complement system: role of C3b and iC3b

A

opsonization and phagocytosis

61
Q

role of bradykinin

A

vasodilator

-increase vascular permeability

62
Q

what blocks both pathways in arachidonic acid

A

glucocosteroid

63
Q

what does aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen blcok

A

blocks arachidonic acid to cycloxygenase

64
Q

Cycloxygenase product:PGI2

A

vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation

65
Q

PAF is derived from what

A

phosohplipids

66
Q

what is role of chemokines

A

recruitment of leukocytes

POD Exam 2 (28 decks)

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