Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POD Exam 2 > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the gram positive bugs

A

staph
strep
enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are 3 categories for gram negative bugs

A

Piddly
Fence
Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are space bugs normally seen

A

hospitals/nursing homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 3 atypical bugs

A

chlamidya
mycoplasma
Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what atypical drug refers to a STD

A

chlamidya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What atypical drug refers to walking pneumonia

A

mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What atypical drug is water born

A

legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the anaerobe drugs

A

poststrepococcus
bacteriods
clostridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the anaerobe drugs located

A

poststreptococcus : mouth

bacteriods: gut/small instestines
clostridium: large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drug works on the DNA gyrase

A

FQN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drug works on the 30S ribosome

A

aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cephalosproins: how do bacterial cell walls cross-link different peptidoglycan

A
  • amino group of pentaglycine reacts with peptide b/w D-ala residues
  • one D-alanine forms bond with glycine
  • one D-alanine released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cephalosproins: cross-linking reaction is catalyzed by who

A
  • glycopeptide transpeptidase

- penicillin-binding proteins (PBP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cephalosproins: how do they block bacterial cell wall synthesis

A
  • act as the D-ala-Dala
  • bind to transpeptidase
  • irreversbile covalent bond with serine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of drug is cephalosproins

A

cidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ifficiacy of a particular cephalosproins is related to what

A

its affinity for PBPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cephalosproins: the beta-lactam ring acts how in acid medium

A

unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how are orally administered cephalosporins absorbed

A

rapidly and thoroughly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

oral cephalosporins are available as what type of compounds

A
  • prodrug ester

- nonesterified compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are prodrug esters of cephalosproins activated? and what enhances absorption

A

hydrolyzed in intestines

food enhances absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how well is cephalosproins distributed

A

well distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

third generation cephalosporins are good for what

A

penetrate well into CSF especially with inflammed meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what cephalosproins drug is usually used for meningitis

A

caftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are most cephalosproins excreted

A

renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which cephalosproins are excreted through hepatic

A

ceftriaxone and cefoperaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

following an IV infusion of 5th generation, Ceftaroline fosamil (prodrug), what does it get convert to and by who?

A

ceftaroline

by plasma phosphateases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cephalosprorins have a cross sensitivity with what other drug

A

10% with penicillin

28
Q

on non-IgE mediated (anaphylaxis) pencillin allergic patients, however what should you use first

A

Aztreonam

29
Q

hypoprothrombinemia

A

disturbance in vitamin K dependent clotting factors by blocking the vitamin K epoxide reductase

30
Q

cephalosporins that have a methylthiotetrazole side (NMTT) chain is associated with what adverse effect? why does this occur

A

bleeding

-hypoprothrombinemia

31
Q

cefoperazone and ceftriaxone have what GI adverse effect and why?

A

diarrhea due to primary biliary excretion

32
Q

what renal adverse effect does cephalosporins have

A

interstitial nephritis

33
Q

cefamandole and cefeperazone have an NMTT side chain, what adverse effect does this have

A

disulfiram-like intolerance (prevents breakdown of alcohol)

34
Q

Cefaclor has what adverse effect in children

A

serum sickness

35
Q

what interaction does Warfin and cephalosporins have together

A

potentiation of anticoagulant effects

36
Q

what interaction does probenecid and cephalosporins have together

A

prolongs excretion in cephalosporins that bave tubular secretions

37
Q

first generation common oral product

A

Cephalexin

38
Q

first generation common IV

A

Cefazolin

39
Q

Second generation common oral product

A

cefuroxime axetil

40
Q

second generation common parenteral product

A

Cefuroxime

41
Q

second generation (cephamycins) common parenteral products

A

cefoxitin

cefotetan

42
Q

third generation common parenteral product

A

ceftriaxone

43
Q

thrid generation (antipseudomonal) common parenteral product

A

ceftazidime

44
Q

fourth generation common parenteral products

A

cefeprime

45
Q

fifth generation common parenteral products

A

ceftaroline

46
Q

as cephalosporin generation increases what coverage increases

A

gram negative

47
Q

generally cephalosporins do not cover

A

enterococcus
atypicals
MRSA
listeria monocytogenes

48
Q

what are the atypical drugs

A

legionella
mycoplasma
chlamydia

49
Q

what cephalosporins cover MRSA and enterococcus

A

ceftaroline

50
Q

which generation covers both strap and strep

A 
1
2
2(cephamycins) 
3 ( antipseudomonal)
4
5
51
Q

what gram positive does third generation cover

A

strep

52
Q

what gram positive bacteria does 5th generation cover

A

strap, strep, enterococcus

53
Q

which cephalosporin are abaerobes

A

cefoxitin

cefotetan

54
Q

which cover just space bugs

A

third antipseudomonal

fourth

55
Q

what gram negative bugs does third generation cover

A

SACE

56
Q

what gram negative bugs does fifth generation cover

A

SCE

pseudomonas

57
Q

what gram negative bugs does second generation and second cephamycins cover

A

H.flu
M. cat
PEK

58
Q

what do you use for community acquired pneumonia

A

third generation- ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

59
Q

what do you use for nosocomial pneumonia

A

third generation- ceftazidime

fourth generation - cefepime

60
Q

what do you use for meningitis

A

third generation cephalosporins ( higher doses)

61
Q

what do you use for skin/soft tissue

A
  • first generation cephalosporins (staph/strep)

- fifth generation

62
Q

what do you use for severe infections like diabetic foot

A

cephamycins, 3/4 generation ceph in combo with other agents

63
Q

what do you use for surgical prophylaxis?

A

cefaxolin (longer 1/2 life)

cephaymycins (abdominal/GI surgies)

64
Q

how do you treat endocarditis

A

depends on organsism

65
Q

how do you treat febrile neutropenia

A

ceftazidime or cefepime +/- vancomycin

66
Q

What is used prior to surgery to prevent S. aureus?

A

Cefazolin

POD Exam 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions