Trematodes Flashcards by LUIMER RAMOS

Most important digenetic trematode of man

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS

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Delicate cylindroidal parasites

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS

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Live typically in pairs in portal blood vessels or in the vessical
venules

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS

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Larger compared to the female

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS male

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Gynecophoral canal on the ventral side

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS male

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Smaller and are thread like

TREMATODES DIOECIOUS female

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Mot of trematodes

Skin penetration of cercariae

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first human infection of trematodes

bilharziasis
Teodor bilharz 1951

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are commonly isolated from
the feces. Although occasionally they can also obtain in the
urine

The S. mansoni and S. japonicum

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is primarily isolated in the urine

Schistosoma haematobium

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Egg will hatch releasing the

miracidia

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will be the one to penetrate the tissue.

miracidia

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will be developed in the snail

sporocyts

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stage will be released by the snail to the water and
free swimming, this will penetrate the skin

cercariae

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In side the man, Cercariae will lose it tails during the
penetration which will become ____ before going
to the circulation

schistosomulae

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3 stages of infection:
● Skin penetration to arrival of adults in venules
● Pathologic changes:
❖ Negligible to mild cutaneous lesions
❖ Tissue reactions to the immature worms
❖ Associated toxic and allergic reactions

PRE-PATENT OR DEVELOPMENTAL

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3 stages of infection:
● Active egg deposition and extrusion
● Appearance of eggs in the stool
● Symptoms:
❖ Daily fever
❖ Epigastric pain
❖ Continuous increase in the size of the liver
❖ Loss of weight
❖ Relapse of pain

ACUTE STAGE

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3 STAGES OF INFECTION :
● Invasion of the tissues by the migrating larva and adult worms:
❖ Petechial hemorrhage
❖ Small foci of eosinophilia
❖ Neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs
❖ Cough and hemoptysis
❖ Acute inflammation reactions in the liver with fever
● Stable egg output and tissue proliferation

CHRONIC STAGE

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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
● Eggs in urine (dysuria and hematuria: presence of blood in
urine)
● Bladder biopsy

SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM

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Specimen of choice for recovery of haematobium:

presence
of eggs in a concentrated urine specimen or bladder biopsy

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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
Accomplished by recovery of eggs in the stool or through
rectal biopsy

S. JAPONICUM AND S. MANSONI

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Schis.j common name?

Oriental blood fluke or visceral blood fluke

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Utilize glucose at a fairly fast rate

SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

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life span of schis.j

3-8 years

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is the smallest of the Schistosoma spp measuring 50-85 um x 38-60 um

SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

Egg is characterized by the presence of small lateral spine which is often difficult to detect on microscopic examination

SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

Ovoidal testes: single row behind acetabulum

schis.j male

Union of ceca and testes of schis. j male

posterior to the middle half of the body

schis.j male has what kind of canal?

gynecophoral canal

schis.j has what shape of ovary?

pyramidal ovary at the center of the body

Adherent to bits of tissues or RBCs

schis.j ova

Non-operculated ova of?

schis.j

schis. j ova looks like what?

Minute lateral knob/ curved hook

can only hatch in clean water with sufficient oxygen

S.japonicum

: Infective to snails for 8-12 hours

MIRACIDIUM of schis Japo

is attracted from the secretions of the snails

MIRACIDIUM of S.japonicum

Phototactic and swims actively

MIRACIDIUM of S.japo

schis j: Forked tail

CERCARIA

schis j: Oral sucker (anterior end) and small ventral sucker

CERCARIA

schis j:Cercarial penetration is mediated by

lytic enzymes

schis j: The stimulus for the penetration of CERCARIA is the presence of

lipid in skin

schis j:The drugs ___ and ___ would help repel cercariae in the skin

dimethlyate and niclosamide

schis j INFECTIVE STAGE:

cercaria

schis j: intermeditate host

Snails: ➢ Oncomelania hupensis ➢ Oncomelania oncophora ➢ Oncomelania formosona

schis j final host

Man, dogs, cats, carabao, cows, rodents, monkeys

schis j reservoir host

Wild and domestic animals (sheep, dogs, mice, horses, pigs)

schis j disease

➢ Visceral or Oriental Schistosomiasis ➢ Katayama’s Disease

common name of schis.m

Manson’s Blood Fluke

the organism is somewhat oblong and possesses a prominent large lateral spine

SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI

schis.m male union of ceca

middle half of the body

Smallest schistosome

schis mansoni female

schis m. ovary

anterior to the middle half of the body

schis mansoni contains how many ova

1-4 ova

true or false: FEMALE SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IS LONGER AND SLENDER THAN THE MALE

true

OVA:  Ellipsoidal

schis.m

ova: yellowish brown in color

schis m

distinguishable characteristic of schis mansoni ova?

Prominent lateral spine

schis m ova Appear in the feces ____ days after infection

30-40 days

CERCARIA OF SCHISTOSOMA japo is what?

forked tail

intermediate host of schis mansoni?

SNAILS  Biomphalaria (Philippines)  Tropicorbis (S. America)  Australorbis (S. America)

definitive host of schis mansoni

man

reservoir host of schis mansoni

rodent

disease of schis mansoni

Intestinal Bilharziasis Schistosomal Dysentry

infective stage of schis mansoni

eggs?

schistosoma hematobium common name?

Vessical blood fluke, Bladder fluk

Resembles S. mansoni in size and shape

. SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM

. SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM DISTRIBUTION:

● Africa ● Western Asia ● Southern Europe

schis haema male union with the ceca

posterior to middle half of the body

schis hema male how many testes

4-5

schistosoma haematobium female, ovary is located at

posterior to middle part of the body

distinguishable characteristic of schis hema ova

Ellipsoidal with prominent terminal spine

schis hema ova color

yellowish brown color

schis hema intermediate host

SNAILS ○ Biomphalaria - Africa ○ Bulimus - Middle east

disease of S,hema

Vessical schistosomiasis urinary schistosomiasis schistosomia hematuria

ventral groovve where the female resides during sexual activity

Gynecophoral canal

paired adult worm will migrate to the?

mesenteric venules of rectum or the bowel

from the circulation, schistosoma spp will migrate to the ____ and become a mature adult worm

Portal blood in liver

Schistosoma spp can also be lodge to the?

venous plexus of bladder