Trematodes Flashcards
Most important digenetic trematode of man
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS
Delicate cylindroidal parasites
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS
Live typically in pairs in portal blood vessels or in the vessical
venules
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS
Larger compared to the female
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS male
Gynecophoral canal on the ventral side
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS male
Smaller and are thread like
TREMATODES DIOECIOUS female
Mot of trematodes
Skin penetration of cercariae
first human infection of trematodes
bilharziasis
Teodor bilharz 1951
are commonly isolated from
the feces. Although occasionally they can also obtain in the
urine
The S. mansoni and S. japonicum
is primarily isolated in the urine
Schistosoma haematobium
Egg will hatch releasing the
miracidia
will be the one to penetrate the tissue.
miracidia
will be developed in the snail
sporocyts
stage will be released by the snail to the water and
free swimming, this will penetrate the skin
cercariae
In side the man, Cercariae will lose it tails during the
penetration which will become ____ before going
to the circulation
schistosomulae
3 stages of infection:
● Skin penetration to arrival of adults in venules
● Pathologic changes:
❖ Negligible to mild cutaneous lesions
❖ Tissue reactions to the immature worms
❖ Associated toxic and allergic reactions
- PRE-PATENT OR DEVELOPMENTAL
3 stages of infection:
● Active egg deposition and extrusion
● Appearance of eggs in the stool
● Symptoms:
❖ Daily fever
❖ Epigastric pain
❖ Continuous increase in the size of the liver
❖ Loss of weight
❖ Relapse of pain
- ACUTE STAGE
3 STAGES OF INFECTION :
● Invasion of the tissues by the migrating larva and adult worms:
❖ Petechial hemorrhage
❖ Small foci of eosinophilia
❖ Neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs
❖ Cough and hemoptysis
❖ Acute inflammation reactions in the liver with fever
● Stable egg output and tissue proliferation
- CHRONIC STAGE
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
● Eggs in urine (dysuria and hematuria: presence of blood in
urine)
● Bladder biopsy
- SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM
Specimen of choice for recovery of haematobium:
presence
of eggs in a concentrated urine specimen or bladder biopsy
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
Accomplished by recovery of eggs in the stool or through
rectal biopsy
S. JAPONICUM AND S. MANSONI
Schis.j common name?
Oriental blood fluke or visceral blood fluke
Utilize glucose at a fairly fast rate
SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM
life span of schis.j
3-8 years
is the smallest
of the Schistosoma spp measuring 50-85 um x 38-60 um
SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM
Egg is characterized by the presence of small lateral spine
which is often difficult to detect on microscopic examination
SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM
Ovoidal testes: single row behind acetabulum
schis.j male
Union of ceca and testes of schis. j male
posterior to the middle half of the body
schis.j male has what kind of canal?
gynecophoral canal
schis.j has what shape of ovary?
pyramidal ovary at the center of the body
Adherent to bits of tissues or RBCs
schis.j ova
Non-operculated ova of?
schis.j
schis. j ova looks like what?
Minute lateral knob/ curved hook
can only hatch in clean water with sufficient oxygen
S.japonicum
: Infective to snails for 8-12 hours
MIRACIDIUM of schis Japo
is attracted from the secretions of the snails
MIRACIDIUM of S.japonicum
Phototactic and swims actively
MIRACIDIUM of S.japo
schis j:
Forked tail
CERCARIA
schis j:
Oral sucker (anterior end) and small ventral sucker
CERCARIA
schis j:Cercarial penetration is mediated by
lytic enzymes
schis j: The stimulus for the penetration of CERCARIA is the presence of
lipid in skin
schis j:The drugs ___ and ___ would help repel
cercariae in the skin
dimethlyate and niclosamide
schis j INFECTIVE STAGE:
cercaria
schis j: intermeditate host
Snails:
➢ Oncomelania hupensis
➢ Oncomelania oncophora
➢ Oncomelania formosona
schis j final host
Man, dogs, cats, carabao, cows, rodents, monkeys
schis j reservoir host
Wild and domestic animals (sheep, dogs, mice, horses, pigs)
schis j disease
➢ Visceral or Oriental Schistosomiasis
➢ Katayama’s Disease
common name of schis.m
Manson’s Blood Fluke
the organism is somewhat oblong and
possesses a prominent large lateral spine
SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI
schis.m male union of ceca
middle half of the body
Smallest schistosome
schis mansoni female
schis m. ovary
anterior to the middle half of the body
schis mansoni contains how many ova
1-4 ova
true or false: FEMALE SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IS LONGER AND
SLENDER THAN THE MALE
true
OVA:
Ellipsoidal
schis.m
ova: yellowish brown in color
schis m
distinguishable characteristic of schis mansoni ova?
Prominent lateral spine
schis m ova Appear in the feces ____ days after infection
30-40 days
CERCARIA OF SCHISTOSOMA japo is what?
forked tail
intermediate host of schis mansoni?
SNAILS
Biomphalaria (Philippines)
Tropicorbis (S. America)
Australorbis (S. America)
definitive host of schis mansoni
man
reservoir host of schis mansoni
rodent
disease of schis mansoni
Intestinal Bilharziasis
Schistosomal Dysentry
infective stage of schis mansoni
eggs?
schistosoma hematobium common name?
Vessical blood fluke, Bladder fluk
Resembles S. mansoni in size and shape
. SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM
. SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM DISTRIBUTION:
● Africa
● Western Asia
● Southern Europe
schis haema male union with the ceca
posterior to middle half of the body
schis hema male how many testes
4-5
schistosoma haematobium female, ovary is located at
posterior to middle part of the body
distinguishable characteristic of schis hema ova
Ellipsoidal with prominent terminal spine
schis hema ova color
yellowish brown color
schis hema intermediate host
SNAILS
○ Biomphalaria - Africa
○ Bulimus - Middle east
disease of S,hema
Vessical schistosomiasis
urinary schistosomiasis
schistosomia hematuria
ventral groovve where the female resides during sexual activity
Gynecophoral canal
paired adult worm will migrate to the?
mesenteric venules of rectum or the bowel
from the circulation, schistosoma spp will migrate to the ____ and become a mature adult worm
Portal blood in liver
Schistosoma spp can also be lodge to the?
venous plexus of bladder
