babesia Flashcards by LUIMER RAMOS

phylum

apicomplexa

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Transmission: man infected by bite of a tick that belong to genus Ixodes
(intermediate host); can be transmitted through blood transfusion

Babesia

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Dh of babesia

Animals (Deer)

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Pathogenic: babesia spp

Babesia microfti

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infective stage of babesia

trophozoites liberated via the bite of deer tick

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Pear-shaped

babesia

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Symptoms and Pathology: symptoms resemble Malaria

babesia

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members of the Class Sporozoa in the Phylum
Apicomplexa. The subclass Coccidia includes species of Toxoplasma,

Coccidian parasit

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Usually in pair or tetrads (resembling “maltese cross” appearance)

babesia

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Diagnostic stage of cocci:

: oocysts demonstrated in feces

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Diagnostic stage: demonstration of characteristic ring forms in Giemsastained blood smears (thick and thin smear

babesia

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Life cycle of cocci parasite: in variety of nucleated cells

Schizogony (Asexua

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2 classifications of cocci

✓ Intestinal Coccidian:
Tissue Coccidian

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Life cycle of cocci parasite: in intestinal mucosa of definitive host infective
oocyst are excreted in the feces

Sporogony (Sexual)

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Oral-anal route

. Cryptosporidium parvum

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Important opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

Cryptosporidium parvum

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o Red spherical bodies, four sphorozoites
o Oocysts are stained red against blue background

C,parvum: Modified acid fast stain in feces:

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Infective stage of cocci;

oocysts

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Acute self-limiting diarrhea

Cryptosporidiosis

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Causes chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised person

Cryptosporidiosi

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➢ Develop in brush border of intestinal epithelial cells

Cryptosporidium parvum

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Sporulated oocysts, containing 4 sporozoites each (no
sporocysts), are passed in feces

C.parvum

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c.parvum diseaase

Disease: Cryptosporidiosis

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➢ Causes intestinal infection: associated with watery, frothy
diarrhea with oocysts shed in fece

Cryptosporidiosis

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I.belli habitat

Small intestines of man

I. belli DH

Human

Modified AFS ➢ Oocysts stain from light pink to deep red (acid-fast variable

C.caye

− infective oocysts ingested in contaminated food and water − outbreaks have been associated with contaminated berries

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Mode of Transmission: ingestion of sporulated oocysts in fecally contaminated food or water

I.belli

Elongately ovoidal in shape with one end narrower than the other

I.belli; immature cyst

Contains 2 sporocyst, each containing 4 sporozoite

I.belli; mature csyt

i. belli disease

Disease: Human Coccidiosis

Symptoms range from mild gastrointestinal distress to severe dysentery

i.belli

Often asymptomatic and self-limitin

human coccidiosis

In mild cases: mild abdominal pain and mucoid diarrhea

i.belli

In severe cases: severe abdominal cramps with milky, watery diarrhea

i.belli

➢ Sporoblasts and/or sporocysts stain deep red ➢ Oocysts are ellipsoid with blunt ends

i.belli

Prevalent in AIDS patients/immunocompromised persons

T.gondii

Transmission: ➢ Accidental ingestion/inhalation of oocysts from cat feces ➢ Ingestion of undercooked meat or oocysts from cat feces ➢ Transplacental ➢ Organ transplant

T>gondii

Habitat: intracellular obligate parasite of endothelial cells, mononuclear leukocytes, body fluids, and tissue of the host

t.gondi

Crescent appearance in tissue fluids

T.gondi

fast rapid, multiplication, acute phase

T,gondi tachyzoites

slow proliferation, chronic phase

t.gondi bradyzoite

Pseudocysts (group of bradyzoites) are also formed

t.gondi

➢ Female who first to acquire the infection during pregnancy may transmit the infection to embryo resulting in fetal death, or mental retardation on newborn, or blindness in later life

T.gondi

T, gondi disease

toxoplasmosis

Major cause of encephalitis in AIDS patients

toxoplasmosis

➢ Appears after the infection and regional lymph node invasion ➢ Parasite is blood borne to many organs where intracellular multiplication takes place

Acquired toxoplasmosis:

Major cause of congenital toxoplasmosis among the newborns: ➢ Congenital infection causes birth defects and mental retardation

toxoplamsosis

➢ Methylene blue staining of tachyzoites inhibited by prior addition of patient serum containing antibodies of Toxoplasma

o Sabin-Feldman Dye tes

Newest group of obligate intracellular parasite

Microsporidia

▪ The most common microsporidia causing enteritis among patients with AIDS

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

▪ The organism is very small measuring about 1.5 – 4 u

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

Method of infection: ➢ Not certain; most likely by ingestion of spore Inhalation of spores, ocular exposure, and sexual intercourse may also be route of transmission

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

Characteristic feature: spores containing a polar tubule, used to inject infective spore content into the host cells

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

➢ Similar with Cryptosporidiosis

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

o Usually in pair or tetrads (resembling “maltese cross” appearance)

B. Babesia species

Symptoms and Pathology: symptoms resemble Malaria o Headache and fever o Hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria in immunocompetent host

babesia

Diagnostic stage: demonstration of characteristic ring forms in Giemsastained blood smears (thick and thin smear

babesis

Diagnosis: ➢ Sugar floatation technique ➢ Modified acid fast stain in feces: o Red spherical bodies, four sphorozoites o Oocysts are stained red against blue background o Average size: 4 – 6 um

Cryptosporidium parvum

Diagnosis: o Modified AFS ➢ Oocysts stain from light pink to deep red (acid-fast variable) ➢ Average size: 8 – 10 um (larger than C. Parvum)

Cyclospora cayetanensis

o Demonstration of oocysts in feces (transparent containing 1-2 sporoblast) o Modified AF

Isospora belli

abin-Feldman Dye test: ➢ Methylene blue staining of tachyzoites inhibited by prior addition of patient serum containing antibodies of

Toxoplasma

Diagnosis: o Electron Microscopy – necessary to speciate o Serological testing o Modified Trichrome stain:

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

➢ Concentration must be 10x higher that traditional trichrome stain ➢ Performed on unconcentrated specimen ➢ Spore walls stains bright pink; background stains green or blue (depending on the couterstain)

Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Encephalitozoon intestinalis)

diagnostic stage of cryptospodium spp

oocyst with 4 naked sporozoites

infective stage of crpto

sporozoite