Quiz 3 Flashcards by LUIMER RAMOS

Introduce erronous organism that will hinder examination like pseudoparasit

Soil

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Destroys trophozoids

Urine and water

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This produce discoloration of the stool

Barium and bismuth

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This disrupts vision of viewing

Oil

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Gallbladder dye clearing days

3 weeks

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Barium and bismuth clearing time

7-10 days

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Traditionally used to treat diarrhea to relieve soreness specially in patients undergoing radiologic therapy

Kaolin

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Antibiotics clearing time

2-3 weeks

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Stool type that us characterized by irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and obstruction of rectum

Ribbonlike stool

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Stool that does not retain the bowel cast and due to trapped gases

Mushy stool

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Stool due to excessive carbohydrate fermentation

Mushy stool

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Trophozoid is found in what kind of stool?

Watery stool

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Cyts is found in what kind of stool

Formed stool

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Preparation of stained smears
 prepared in the lab or purchased commercially.

Polyvinyl alcohol

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Modified schaudinn’s fixative

Polyvinyl alcohol

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The preserved sample can remain stable for several months

PVA

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QC: cloudy soln

PVA

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Inadequate to determine the morphology of helming eggs, larva, toxidia microsporidia

PVA

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Difficult and expensive to dispose

PVA

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Cannot be used in immunoassays, acid fast, safranin and chromotroph stain

PVA

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Difficult and expensive to dispose

PVA

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Prepared thru wet mounts

5-10% formalin

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Prepared thru with or without iodine (direct fecal smear same with wet mounts)

5-10 % FORMALIN

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Preserved cysts, helminth egg and larva but can distort the morphology of trophozoids

5-10 % FORMALIN

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QC: temperature favors development of helminth eggs, 60 degrees celsius

5-10 % FORMALIN

Compatible with acid stain, safranin and chromotroph stain

5-10 % FORMALIN

Can be used with immunoassay kits

5-10 % FORMALIN

Used in field testing or surveys

MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF

Used for concentration procedures

MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF

Dye of MIF

Lugol’s iodine

Solution of MIF

9.4mL of MF + 0.6 mL of lugol = 10mL + 1 gram of stool

Good for all stages and used for preserving cyst mtroph(?)

MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF

For fresh materials obtained from intestinal mucosal linings

SCHAUDINN’S

For permanent staining

SCHAUDINN’S

Good preservative for morphology of protozoan, trophozoids, and cysts

SCHAUDINN’S

Poor adhesion

SCHAUDINN’S

Does not contain mercuric chloride

SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (

Liquid fixative with long shelf life

SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (

Images of organisms are not sharp after staining

SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)

Suitable for both concentration procedures and permanent stain solution

SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)

(-): requires additive primarily albumin or glycerine

SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)

For adherence of specimen to the slide

Albumin or glycerine - SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)

For the detection of GIT bleeding

Occult blood test

Normal form of stool

Soft to formed

Cannot be punctured with an applicator stick

Hard

Maintains shape, can be punctured

Formed

Bottom side flattens in the container

Semi formed

Can be cut with an applicator stick

Soft

Can be reshaped with applicator stick

Mushy

Stool shapes to container

Loose

Stool will flow slowly out of the container

Diarrheic

Fluid-like stool pours out of the container

Watery

Separate hard lumps, like nuts hard to pass

Type 1

Sausage-shaped but lumpy

Type 2

Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface

Type 3

Like sausage or snake, smooth and soft

Type 4

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passed easily)

Type 5

Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool

Type 6

Watery, no solid pieces. ENTIRELY LIQUID!

Type 7

Normal color of stool

Light brown to dark brown due to stercobilin

Color of stool due to administration of santonin (anti helmenthic property) and senna seen in antibiotic therapy.

Yellow

Color of stool due to increase milk diets in infants

Yellow

Color: presence of unchanged bilirubin

Yellow

Color: obstruction to bile flow

Yellow

Color: large amounts of cornmeal

Yellow

Color: After ingestion of Barium meals

Light clay or putty

Color: due to the absence of bile pigments

Light Clay or putty color

Color: excessive fats or pancreatic disease

Light Clay or putty color

Color: bleeding in the lower GIT (fresh blood

Reddish or bloody

Color: undigested beets and tomatoes

Reddish or bloody

Color: bleeding in the upper GIT

Dark red/ chocolate brown

Color: increased intake of coffee, chocolate and cherries, black berries

Dark red/ chocolate brown

Color: associated with digestion of blood due to bleeding in the upper GIT

Black/tarry

Color: increase intake of iron, Bismuth and charcoal

Black

Color: if you regularly take in medication like ferrous sulfate

Black

Color: Amoebiasis

Green

Color: ingestion of vegetables like spinach

Green

Color: presence of unchanged biliverdin

Green

Color: presence of mercuric chloride in the form of calomel

Green

Color: cocoa and chocolate produce

Gray

Color: blueberry juices, carbon, iron and bismuth:

Gray to pitch black

Color: undigested fats, following inadequate bile secretion

Light gray

Color: Malabsorption syndrome

Light gray

Color: aluminum hydroxidw

Whitish discoloration

Color: Methylene blue and dithiazanine

Blue

Color: Pyridium

Orange red

indole and skatole

Tryptophan

Odor: fatty acids in ingested milk

Sour

Odor: steatorrhea (adult)

Sour

Odor: severe diarrhea in children

Sour odor to a putrid odor

Odor: found in ulcerative and malignant tumor of the lower bowel

Putrid odor

Odor: indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrate, unabsorbed fatty acids

Sour or rancid

Odor: usually in alkaline stools, putrefaction of undigestedprotein. Ulcerations of intestines and rectum, malignancy, syphilis, dysentery and necrotic lesions of the intestines

Extremely foul

Spastic colitis

Ribbonlike

Normal odor is foul to offensive due to

indole, skatole and butyric acid

Cholera

Rice water stool

Stool: early typhoud

Pea soup stool

Stool: syphilis

Flattened or ribbon like

Stool: obstructioon of the lower portion of the colon

Flattened or ribbonlike

Stool: fibrocystic disease of the pancreas

Butterlike

Stool: carbohydrates fermentation

Gaseous And fermentative

Trophozoite are found in what kind of stool?

Watery stool

Cyst are found in what kind of stool?

Formed stool