Quiz 3 Flashcards
Introduce erronous organism that will hinder examination like pseudoparasit
Soil
Destroys trophozoids
Urine and water
This produce discoloration of the stool
Barium and bismuth
This disrupts vision of viewing
Oil
Gallbladder dye clearing days
3 weeks
Barium and bismuth clearing time
7-10 days
Traditionally used to treat diarrhea to relieve soreness specially in patients undergoing radiologic therapy
Kaolin
Antibiotics clearing time
2-3 weeks
Stool type that us characterized by irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and obstruction of rectum
Ribbonlike stool
Stool that does not retain the bowel cast and due to trapped gases
Mushy stool
Stool due to excessive carbohydrate fermentation
Mushy stool
Trophozoid is found in what kind of stool?
Watery stool
Cyts is found in what kind of stool
Formed stool
Preparation of stained smears
prepared in the lab or purchased commercially.
Polyvinyl alcohol
Modified schaudinn’s fixative
Polyvinyl alcohol
The preserved sample can remain stable for several months
PVA
QC: cloudy soln
PVA
Inadequate to determine the morphology of helming eggs, larva, toxidia microsporidia
PVA
Difficult and expensive to dispose
PVA
Cannot be used in immunoassays, acid fast, safranin and chromotroph stain
PVA
Difficult and expensive to dispose
PVA
Prepared thru wet mounts
5-10% formalin
Prepared thru with or without iodine (direct fecal smear same with wet mounts)
5-10 % FORMALIN
Preserved cysts, helminth egg and larva but can distort the morphology of trophozoids
5-10 % FORMALIN
QC: temperature favors development of helminth eggs, 60 degrees celsius
5-10 % FORMALIN
Compatible with acid stain, safranin and chromotroph stain
5-10 % FORMALIN
Can be used with immunoassay kits
5-10 % FORMALIN
Used in field testing or surveys
MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF
Used for concentration procedures
MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF
Dye of MIF
Lugol’s iodine
Solution of MIF
9.4mL of MF + 0.6 mL of lugol = 10mL + 1 gram of stool
Good for all stages and used for preserving cyst mtroph(?)
MERTHIOLATE-IODINE-FORMALIN (MIF
For fresh materials obtained from intestinal mucosal linings
SCHAUDINN’S
For permanent staining
SCHAUDINN’S
Good preservative for morphology of protozoan, trophozoids, and cysts
SCHAUDINN’S
Poor adhesion
SCHAUDINN’S
Does not contain mercuric chloride
SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (
Liquid fixative with long shelf life
SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (
Images of organisms are not sharp after staining
SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)
Suitable for both concentration procedures and permanent stain solution
SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)
(-): requires additive primarily albumin or glycerine
SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)
For adherence of specimen to the slide
Albumin or glycerine - SODIUM ACETATE – ACETIC ACID FORMALIN (SAF)
For the detection of GIT bleeding
Occult blood test
Normal form of stool
Soft to formed
Cannot be punctured with an applicator stick
Hard
Maintains shape, can be punctured
Formed
Bottom side flattens in the container
Semi formed
Can be cut with an applicator stick
Soft
Can be reshaped with applicator stick
Mushy
Stool shapes to container
Loose
Stool will flow slowly out of the container
Diarrheic
Fluid-like stool pours out of the container
Watery
Separate hard lumps, like nuts hard to pass
Type 1
Sausage-shaped but lumpy
Type 2
Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface
Type 3
Like sausage or snake, smooth and soft
Type 4
Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passed easily)
Type 5
Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
Type 6
Watery, no solid pieces. ENTIRELY LIQUID!
Type 7
Normal color of stool
Light brown to dark brown due to stercobilin
Color of stool due to administration of santonin (anti helmenthic property) and
senna seen in antibiotic therapy.
Yellow
Color of stool due to increase milk diets in infants
Yellow
Color: presence of unchanged bilirubin
Yellow
Color: obstruction to bile flow
Yellow
Color: large amounts of cornmeal
Yellow
Color: After ingestion of Barium meals
Light clay or putty
Color: due to the absence of bile pigments
Light Clay or putty color
Color: excessive fats or pancreatic disease
Light Clay or putty color
Color: bleeding in the lower GIT (fresh blood
Reddish or bloody
Color: undigested beets and tomatoes
Reddish or bloody
Color: bleeding in the upper GIT
Dark red/ chocolate brown
Color: increased intake of coffee, chocolate
and cherries, black berries
Dark red/ chocolate brown
Color: associated with digestion of blood due
to bleeding in the upper GIT
Black/tarry
Color: increase intake of iron, Bismuth and
charcoal
Black
Color: if you regularly take in medication like
ferrous sulfate
Black
Color: Amoebiasis
Green
Color: ingestion of vegetables like spinach
Green
Color: presence of unchanged biliverdin
Green
Color: presence of mercuric chloride in the form of calomel
Green
Color: cocoa and chocolate produce
Gray
Color: blueberry juices, carbon, iron and
bismuth:
Gray to pitch black
Color: undigested fats, following
inadequate bile secretion
Light gray
Color: Malabsorption syndrome
Light gray
Color: aluminum hydroxidw
Whitish discoloration
Color: Methylene blue and dithiazanine
Blue
Color: Pyridium
Orange red
indole and skatole
Tryptophan
Odor: fatty acids in ingested milk
Sour
Odor: steatorrhea (adult)
Sour
Odor: severe diarrhea in
children
Sour odor to a putrid odor
Odor: found in ulcerative and malignant tumor of the lower bowel
Putrid odor
Odor: indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrate, unabsorbed fatty acids
Sour or rancid
Odor: usually in alkaline stools, putrefaction of undigestedprotein. Ulcerations of intestines and rectum, malignancy, syphilis, dysentery and necrotic lesions of the intestines
Extremely foul
Spastic colitis
Ribbonlike
Normal odor is foul to offensive due to
indole, skatole and butyric
acid
Cholera
Rice water stool
Stool: early typhoud
Pea soup stool
Stool: syphilis
Flattened or ribbon like
Stool: obstructioon of the lower portion of the colon
Flattened or ribbonlike
Stool: fibrocystic disease of the pancreas
Butterlike
Stool: carbohydrates fermentation
Gaseous And fermentative
Trophozoite are found in what kind of stool?
Watery stool
Cyst are found in what kind of stool?
Formed stool