Flagellates Flashcards
phylum of flagellates
Protozoas
superclass of flagellates
Mastigophora
sub phylum of flagellates
sarcomastigophora
class of flagellates
Zoomastigophora
two groups of flagellates
intestinal and atrial
Members of this class lack or do not have the chromatophores
and thus depend on previously manufactured plant and
animal foods
intestinal
Their nutrition is holozoic (parasitic) and therefore may be
simple or in some cases it might be quite complex.
intestinal
Has a single nucleus and neuromotor apparatus. This
neuromotor would consist of a
➢ Blepharoplast which constitutes the kinetoplast.
intestinal
is an energizing component of flagellates.
kinetoplast
has an axonin
kinetoplast
rudimentary mouth is also known as
cytostome
reproduction of flagellates
longitudinal binary fission
disease of G.lamblia
giardiasis or flagellate diarrhea
only pathogenic intestinal flagellate
G.lamblia
Old-man in eyeglasses because of the two
nuclei with a central large karyosome or tennis
racket
Gardia lamblia
motility of gardia lamblia
jerky falling leaf (one of the
confirmatory that it is Giardia), kite like,
spinning, flip-flop
how many nuclei in cyst of G.lamblia
4 nuclei
is a sheath of microtubules that rises from the base
of flagella and is sometimes projecting beyond the end of the
cell and is often flexible and contractile and this may also be
involved in movement and provides support of the cell.
Axostyle
habitat of G.lamblia
Duodenum or gallbladder
invasive stage of G.lamblia
Trophozoite
Infective stage of G.lamblia
Cyst
incubation period of G.lamblia
1-4 weeks
MOT of G.lamblia
ingestion of contaminated food/drink
It has a unique microtubule structure that would include the
ventral disc. It has the primary organelles of attachment.
G.lamblia
It has the primary organelles of attachment.
G.lamb
During attachment, the ___has a domed
conformation and enables the Giardia to attach to the host
intestinal epithelium within seconds.
ventral disc
diagnostic stage of G.lamblia
Trophozoites
due to the coating of large surface as a barrier
to fat absorption
Steatorrhea; g lamb
can also be a mode of anchorage or attachment.
axostyle
- it is the structure of
undefined function.
median (parabasal) body
has a domed
conformation and enables the Giardia to attach to the host
intestinal epithelium within seconds.
ventral disc
is also known as fatty stool.
steatorrhea
odor of gardia lamblia, steatorrhea
hydrogen sulfide or rotten egg smell
. It is watery and the smell is rotten
egg that is what parasite>
G.lamblia
odor of amoebiasis due to E.coli
fishy smell
DFS- stained (Lugols) or unstained (we don’t need to add
NSS because it is already watery)
G.lmab
G.lamblia:
reveal the hypermotility of organism
fluoroscopy
G.lamblia:
to reveal mucosal defects
X ray
- Duodenal irritation- that causes stomachache
- Excess secretion of mucous
- Dehydration - due to diarrhea
- Dull epigastric pain
- Diarrhea
- Steatorrhea- due to the coating of large surface as a barrier
to fat absorption
G.lamb
accurate identification of giardiasis
enterotest
one of the clinical manifestation of giardiasis?
Excessive secretion of mucous
habitat og C.mesnili
cecal region of large intestine
pear shaped trophozoite
C.mesnili
Asymmetric due to cystostome and spiral groove
CHILOMASTIX MESNIL
This constitutes the kinetoplast
Blepharoplast
The _____ of flagellum is a continuation of the axonin which is composed of one or more fibrils.
Atrial atructure
Life cycle of trypanosomes
Dimorphic or polymorphic
Bilaterally symmetrical; pear-shaped
G.lam
With two nuclei, large central karyosome
G.lamb
1 nucleus with small central karyosome
CHILOMASTIX MESNILI
It has 3 flagellates that extends from the nucleus at
the anterior end of the parasite. These flagellates
helps the movement or motilityof the
CHILOMASTIX MESNILI
motility of C.mesinili
cork-screw, jerky, clockwise, twisting (this
can help in the identification of chilomastix mesnili
in stool sample
A distinct oral group or cystostome can be seen
near the nucleus and it moves in a directional
manner.
CHILOMASTIX MESNILI
infective stage of C,mes
Cyst
Lemon-shaped (nipple-like protrusion
Cyst of C.mes
C.mesnili Has a curved cytostomal fibril called the
shepherd’s crook
We view this via HPO and it is more difficult to identify as
compared to your trematodes, cestodes and nematodes as
they are smaller and sometimes they resemble RBCs, and
most often resembles WBCs and pus cells
C.mesni
sometimes they resemble RBCs, and
most often resembles WBCs and pus cells
C.mes
Balantidium coli resembles
Fat globules
PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS:
● Non pathogenic
● Diarrhea
C.mes
C.mes cysts lemon shaped can be seen in
formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT)
C.mes Motile organisms can be seen in
wet preparation of
a fresh stool
C. mes characteristic morphology
is evident in
permanent stained preparation
they don’t have
any cysts form.
trichomonas species, a
infective and pathogenic stage of trichomonas
trophozoites
Shape of trichomonas species
filiform
Nucleus of Tricho spp is found at
the anterior portion
tricho spp has how many flagella
4 ANTERIOR flagella and 5th one running along the undulating membrane
Highly vacuolated cytoplasm
TRICHOMONAS SPECIES
TRICHOMONAS SPECIESmotility
Fast jerky tumbling movement
Tricho spp multiplies through?
Longitudinal binary fission
Habitat of T.tenax
-Buccal cavity
-Tartar of the teeth
habitat of T. hominis
Cecal area (Large intestine)
Can also be found in monkeys, cats,
dogs and rats
Habitat of T. vaginals
-Vagina
-Prostate gland
-Urethra
Similar to T. hominis in
general appearance but the
undulated membrane is the
difference
T. tenax
tricho spp that is medium sized
T.hominis
largest tricho spp
T.vagi
tricho spp that has round nucleus
T.tenax
Tricho spp that has Ovoidal nucleus
T.hominis
tricho spp:
Ovoidal
The axostyle curves slightly around the nucleus
T.vagi
Tricho spp:
No flagella also just like T.
vaginalis
T. tenax
Tricho spp: undulating membrane is ⅔ of the body length
T.tenax
Tricho spp: undulating membrane
-Less than ½ of the body length
-The undulating membrane usually reaches up to
the middle part of the body but it may be shorter in
some specimen
T.vagi
Tricho spp: undulating membrane is as long as the body length
T.hominis
Tricho spp: Has 4 flagella in the anterior part and 1 in the
posterior part
T. hominis
a thin like
extension of the
plasma membrane
that is located on the
side of the organism
Undulating
membrane
Tricho spp:No chaining flagellum and the parabasal body with
a parabasal filament is large
T,vagi
Tricho spp: no inclusion bodies
T.tenax and hominis
Tricho spp: has Siderophil bodies in the cytoplasm
T.vagi
Tricho spp: cytostome is inconspicuous
T.tenax
Tricho spp: Cytostome is highly conscpicuous
T.homi
Tricho spp: cytostome is not visible
T.vagi
Tricho spp:Oral scraping - can be found
in the buccal cavity, oral
cavity or tartar of the teeth.
T. tenax
Tricho spp: is harmless
commensal
T. tenax
Tricho spp: diagnosis in stool
T.hominis
Tricho spp: Diagnosis i sVaginal swab
-Urine
-Urethral discharge
T.vagi
Tricho spp: MOT: -Use of contaminated eating
utensils
-Kissing
T.tenax
Tricho spp: MOT: ngestion of contaminated food and
drink
T>homi
Tricho spp: MOT: Sexual contact and rarely congenital
T>vagi
T.vagi incidence of infection in women would usually vary from what percent
20-40%
T.vagi incidence of infection in man would usually vary from what percent
4-15%
The transmission is usually
through sexual intercourse by often the infected male who
would act as the intermediary.
T.vagi
T.vagi n women it is symptomatic inhabits the vagina and causes
Vaginitis
T.vagi in men is more on
prostatis
The parasites would cause severe erosion of the vaginal
mucosa that characterize by inflammation, itching, burning
sensation, and a white vaginal discharge.
T.vag
There is no cyst produced by
T.vag
T.vagi: The pathogenic strings had been found within n the cytoplasm
of the ?
macrophages and epithelial cells
itching and irritation,
burning sensation of urine
irritating vaginal secretions: (liquid, yellow to greenish)
strawberry cervix
Tricomoniasis
T.vagi resides in what epithelium of what tracg
Squamous epithelium of urogenital tract
survival time of t. vag: Unpolished wood
30 mins
survival time of t. vag: Wash Cloth
23 hrs
survival time of t. vag: Urine
9-20hrs
survival time of t. vag: Water
35-40 mins
survival time of t. vag: porcelein
1 hour
survival time of t. vag: toilet paper/sponges
1-2 hours
survival time of t. vag: glass slides
3 hours
Some species of flagellate protozoa have a
rudimentary mouth, called the
cytostome
The only intestinal
flagellate to cause disease in humans is
G.lamb
while
among the trichomonas species, the only specie known to be
pathogenic in man is
T.vag
This structure arises from the base of the flagella
Axostyle
Which structure in Giardia has an undefined function?
Median bodies or Parabasal bodies
Odor of a hydrogen sulfide (layman’s terms)
Rotten egg
What means of diagnosis would reveal hypermotility of
Giardia lamblia?
Fluoroscopy
What are the two medicines that would help in the treatment
of Giardiasis?
○ Oral metronidazole and furazolidone
