Travelers Flashcards

1
Q

When is dysentary classified?

A

When there is blood mixed in the stool

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2
Q

Primary pathogen for travelers diarrhea?

A

E. Coli

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3
Q

Prophylaxis for TD?

A

Bismuth

Pepto

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4
Q

Pts at high risk for TD can be given Abx prophylaxis

What is the DOC?

A

Rifaximin

Quinolones if low resistance

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5
Q

Tx for Mild, Mod, Severe TD

A

Mild TD: Loperamide

Mode: Loperamide +/- Abx

Severe Including Dysentary, Azithromycin 1,000 mg x 1 dose +/- loperamide

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6
Q

Travel Vaccines

Inactive 7

A
  • Hep A (Havrix, VAQTA)
  • Hep B (engerix-B recombinant HB)
  • Hep A/B (Twintrix)
  • Japanese enceph (Ixiaro)
  • Mengingococcus (Menveo, Menactra)
  • Polio (IPOL)
  • Typhoid IM (Typhim Vi)
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7
Q

Travel vaccines Active 3

A
  • Cholera-PO (Vaxchora)
  • Typhoid-PO (Vivotif)
  • Tellow fever SC (YF-VAX)
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8
Q

What pathogen is typhoid fever caused by?

How is it spread?

A

Salmonella typhi

Water or food contaminated by human feces or from a chronic asymptomatic carrier

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9
Q

When should both forms of the typhoid vaccine be given?

A

1 wk for oral

2 wks for IM

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10
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?

A

Blood or bodily fluids

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11
Q

How long does the 3 dose hep be series take to complete?

A

6 months

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12
Q

How is mengingitis spread

A

Respiratory secretions

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13
Q

What do mosquitos transmit? 5 things

A
  1. Malaria
  2. Japanese encephalitis
  3. Yellow fever
  4. dengue
  5. Zika
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14
Q

How should permethrin be used?

A

On clothing and gear dont apply to skin

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15
Q

Malaria drug side effects?

A

Nausea is big

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16
Q

What 3 drugs are recommended if you are traveling soon and when should they be given?

Which ones are used in pregnancy?

A
  1. 1-2 days prior to travel
  2. Malarone (Atovaquone/Proguanil) Not used in severe renal impairment
  3. Vibramycin, Doryx (Doxycycline) also not used in children under 8
  4. Primaquine (not used in G6DP Deficiency)
  5. None are used in pregnancy
17
Q

How are the quick start malaria drugs taken?

A

Daily otal

18
Q

When should chloroquine be started? Stopped?

A

Weekly regimen that should be started 1-2 wks prior to travel and stopped 4 wks after

THe advanced start regimens are safe in pregnancy

19
Q

What side effects does chloroquine have? 2 bigs ones

A

Retinal toxicity

Visual changes

20
Q

Mefloquine (Lariam)

Not used in? 3

A
  1. Pts with underlying psych conditions
  2. Seizures
  3. Arrythmias
21
Q

What is the vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis?

A

Ixiaro

22
Q

The yellow fever vaccine YF-VAX is contraindicated in what?

A

Pts with hypersensitivity to eggs

23
Q

What is the primary prophylactic treatment for altitude sickness?

What is a contraindication?

A

Acetazolamide

125 mg BID

Preferred start the day before

Contraindicated in pts with sulfa allergy

24
Q
A