Glaucoma Flashcards
Which drugs can cause vision trouble at night and why?
Cholinergics like carbachol and pilocarpine
Cause pupil constriction
Latisse
Bimatoprost for eyelash growth
Lumigan
Bimatoprost
What is the dosing for Lumigan?
1 drop QHS
Travatan Z
Travoprost
Timoptic, Timoptic XE, Istalol
Timolol
What steroids effect IOP most significantly?
Ophthalmic roid prednisolone (Predforte)
What do BBs do for glaucoma?
Reduce aqeuous humor production
What is the dosing for cosopt?
1 drop BID
What do Rho Kinase inhibitors do and what do they end in?
Sudil
Increase aqeuous outflow
What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors do and what do they end in?
zolamide
Reduce humour production
OD and OS?
Right eye
Left eye
What do prostaglandin analogs do?
Increase aqueous outflow
What is the component that can be abosrbed in contact lenses?
Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK)
Can discolor contact lenses wait 15 minutes to put contacts back in
Xalantan
Latanoprost
What are the 3 goals for glaucoma treatmetn?
- Make less fluid with BB liks timolol
- Move fluid out with prostaglandin analogs
- Or do both
4 key Side Effects of Prosts?
- Blurred vision
- Stinging
- Increased pigmentation of the iris or eyelashes
- Eyelash growth
What do alpha 2 agonists do for glaucoma and what do they end in?
Nidine
Increase both outflow and decrease production
Cosopt, Cosopt PF
Timolol + dorzolamide
2 main side effects of BBs? for glaucoma
Stinging
Burning
What prostaglandin also has an indication for eyelash hypertrichosis as well as glaucoma?
What are the two brand names
- Bimatoprost
- Lumigan for glaucoma
- Latisse for hypotrichosis
What product does not contain BAK?
Travatan Z
How should unopened bottles of latanaprost be stored?
In fridge
Prostaglandins end in?
Prost
Which BBs are non-selective?
All but betaxolol
Dosing for timolol
1 drop daily or BID
Important insturctions for Gels
Shake once before use
wait 10 minutes after inserting other eye drops before using gel
Do BB eye drops contain BAK?
Yes some do
What is a warning of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Sulfa allergy
What is the major warnings for prosts?
- Darkening of the Iris, eyelid skin and eyelashes, can increase length and number of eyelashes
What are the 3 prostaglandin analogs
Bimatoprost
Latanaprost
Travoprost
Examples of cough cold and motion sickness meds that can increase IOP? 2
- Antihistamines
- Scopalamine
AD and AS?
Right ear: AD
Left ear: AS
What is the goal for the treatment of glaucoma?
Decrease IOP
What 4 sets of drugs increase IOP?
- Anticholinergics
- Cough/cold and motion sickness med
- Chronic steroids especially in the eye
- Topiramate
What do cholinergic (miotics) do for glaucoma?
Increase outflow
What are the 5 examples of anticholinergic that increase IOP?
- TCAs
- Oxybutnin
- Tolterodine
- Benztropine
- trihexphenidyl
What are the most effective drugs for lowering IOP?
What do they end in?
Prostaglandin analogs
Prost
What drug is preferred if pressure is only in one eye?
BBs
Timoptic XE, Timolol GFS dosing?
Gels
Daily
Conjuctivitis or pink eye commonly occurs in what population and can it spread?
Young children and is highly contagious
What 4 things should a parent do to reduce the risk of conjuctivitis?
- Not touch their eyes
- Hand hygiene
- Change towels and wash clothes daily
- Discard eye cosmetics
Most common virus for conjuctivitis?
Adenovirus
What is the treatment for viral conjuctivitis?
No topical treatment
Common cause of bacterial conjuctivitis?
Staph Aureus
More severe bacteria that can cause conjuctivitis?
2
N. Gonorrhoeae
or Chlamydia
4 main topical antibiotics used for the treatment of bacterial conjuctivitis
- Moxifloxacin
- Neo/pol/dexamethasone
- Ofloxacin
- TMP/Polymyxins
Vigamox
Moxifloxacin
Maxitrol
Neo/poly/dexamethasone
Ocuflox
Ofloxacin
Polytrim
TMP/Polymyxin B
Azasite generic, storage and stability
Store in fridge
stable for 14 days at room temp
Antihistamines for allergic conjuctivitis? 2
- Azelastine
- Olaptadine (Patanol, Pataday)
What is Blepharitis and what is the treatment?
Eyelid inflammation and treat with warm moist compress
How can eye inflammation be reduced? 3 things
- Cold compress
- NSAID if mild
- Steroids if severe
Roid eye drops for Inflammation?
Prednisolone
Omnipre, Preforte, Pred Mild
Limit use due to increase ocular pressure
NSAIDs for ocular inflammation?
Ketorolac Acular
Acular
Ketorolac
Treatment for dry eyes?
Cyclosporine
Restasis?
Cyclosporine emulsion eye drop
Drugs that cause retinal changes/ retinopathy?
2
- Chloroquine
- Hydroxychloroquine
3 drugs that cause optic neuropathy?
- Amiodarone + corneal deposits
- Ethambutol
- Linezolid
Floppy iris syndrome what issues can it cause and what drugs can cause ti?
- Problems in cataract surgery
- Alpha blockers (Doxazosin)
Color discrimination? 3 drugs what are the changes for each?
- Digoxin yellow green with toxicity
- PDE-5 Inhibitors (Sildenafil) green tinge around objects
- Voriconazole color vision changes
Vision loss/Abnormal Changes
5
- Digoxin with toxicity blurriness or halos
- PDE-5 vision loss in one or both eyes can be permanent
- Isotretinoin decrease nice vision which can be permanent
- Vigabitrin permanent vision loss, high risk
- Voriconazole: abnormal vision, photophobia
What conditions should you be cautious with when counseling someone on timolol? 5
COPD, Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, advanced cardiac disease
Otitis Externa Drug Treatment?
Ciprodex
Ciprofloaxacin and dexamethasone
Treatment of cerumen block
Carbamide peroxide (Debrox) triethanolamine
