Translation

Question 1

Translation

Answer 1

mRNA is decoded to build a protein that contains a specific series of amino acids

Question 2

Codons

Answer 2

Groups of three RNA nucleotides that are the instructions for building a polypeptide in the mRNA, read in groups of three

Question 3

Start codon

Answer 3

AUG, Signals the start of protein construction

Question 4

Stop codons

Answer 4

Codons that do not specify amino acids and tell the cell when the polypeptide is complete.

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Question 4

How many codons are there for amino acids and as start and stop codons

Answer 4

64 codons in total, 61 for amino acids

Question 5

Transfer RNAs

Answer 5

Molecular “bridges” that connect mRNA codons to the amino acids they encode

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

molecular bridges that connect mRNA codons to the amino acids they encode

One end has an anticodon
Another end carries the amino acid specified by codons

Question 7

anticodon

Answer 7

One end of each tRNA contains an anticodon that binds to specific mRNA codons.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Wher polypeptides (proteins) are built. Made up of protein and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 9

Ribosome structure

Answer 9

Has two subunits (one large and small) that come together around an mRNA

Provides slots called A,P, and E sites where tRNAs can find their matching codons on the mRNA template

Question 10

Translation

Answer 10

Initiation, Elongation and Termination

Question 11

Initiation

Answer 11

Ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin

Question 12

Elongation

Answer 12

Amino acids are brough to the ribosome by the tRNAs and linked together to form a chain

Question 13

Termination

Answer 13

The finished polypeptide is released to go and do its job in the cell

Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA enters the A site

Question 14

Release factors

Answer 14

Proteins that recognize stop codons