Chapter 14 Second half

Question 1

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 1

States that genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain Mendel’s law of inheritance.

Question 2

Who studied fruit flies and provided the first strong confirmation of chromosome theory

Answer 2

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 3

Wild type

Answer 3

Common phenotypes

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

heritable trait in a gene

Question 5

Mutant

Answer 5

An individual that carries a mutation, particularly a new or rare mutation

Question 6

Who figured out that the genes are on chromosomes

Answer 6

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

Question 7

X linked gene

Answer 7

Gene located on the X chromosome

Question 8

Y linked gene

Answer 8

Gene located on the Y chromosome

Question 8

X-linked inheritance (X linkage)

Answer 8

Inheritance patterns for genes located on X chromosome

Question 8

Sex linked genes

Answer 8

gene located on either sex chromosome

Question 8

Y linkage

Answer 8

Inheritance patterns for genes located on the Y chromosome.

Question 9

Sex-linked inheritance

Answer 9

Inheritance patterns observed in genes carried on sex chromosomes.

Question 10

Autosomal inheritance

Answer 10

The inheritance patterns that occur when genes are located on autosomes rather than on sex chromosomes.

Question 11

Linkage

Answer 11

Tendency of alleles of particular genes to be inherited together

Question 12

Difference between linkage and sex linkage

Answer 12

Linkage refers to two or more genes on the same chromosome

Sex linkage can refer to a single gene located on a sex chromosome

Question 13

Recombinant

Answer 13

Possessing a new combination of alleles

Question 14

Multiple allelism

Answer 14

Existence of more than two common alleles of the same gene

Question 15

Complete dominance

Answer 15

when one allele is fully dominant over the other

Question 16

Codominance

Answer 16

neither gene is dominant over the other

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 18

Pleiotropic

Answer 18

Gene that influences many raits

Question 19

Gene interaction

Answer 19

Interactions of two or more genes that effect a trait

Question 20

Epistasis

Answer 20

one gene influences the expression or function of another gene, often masking its effects

Question 21

Environmental effects

Answer 21

Anything that influences phenotypes other than the genotype, examples are temperature, sunlight and nutrient availability.

Question 22

Discrete traits

Answer 22

Traits that are clearly different from each other

Question 23

Quantitative traits

Answer 23

Quantitative traits are greatly influened by the environement

Question 24

Polygenic traits

Answer 24

Any trait that is influenced by more than one gene

Polygenic traits are usually quantiative traits

Question 25

Five basic modes of inheritance for single-gene diseases:

Answer 25

autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondria

Question 26

Carriers

Answer 26

Heterozygous individuals who do not have an inherited disease but carries a recessive allele for it.

Question 27

Autosomal recessive alle

Answer 27

Individuals with the trait must be homozygous
If the parents of an affected individual do not have the trait, then both parents are heterozygous for the trait

Question 28

Autosomal Dominant trait

Answer 28

only one parent needs to have an altered gene to pass it on.