Chapter 32 Flashcards
Deuterostome animals
What is a vertebrate?
Animal that has backbone and a skeleton
What are the 5 vertebrates groups
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
What are invertebrates
cold-blooded animals with no backbone
What are the main groups of invertebrates
- Protozoa
- Porifera
- Coelenterata
- Platyhelminthes
- Nematoda,
- Annelida
- Echinodermata
- Mollusca
- Arthropoda
What does ectothermic mean?
Body heat comes from an external source
What is a differentiating character of echinoderms
Radial symmetry
2 parts of Deuterostome animals
Echinoderms
Chordata
What groups are endothermic
Within Mammalia and Aves
What is the Aves class
Basically the bird class
Important embryonic features of deuterostomes
Gut develops from anus to mouth
Coelom develops from pockets of mesoderm
Are Deuterostomes mostly vertebrates or invertebrates
Vertabrates
What is an echinoderm
Marine invertebrate groups of deuterostomes
ex. Sea stars, sea urchins
What are the three main traits of an echinoderm
- Radial symmetry in adults
- Endoskeleton of calcium carbonate
- Water vascular system
What are the symmetry of echinoderm as larvae and adults
Larvae - bilaterally symmetric
Adults - pentaradial symmetric (5 sided radial symmetry)
What does the endoskeleton in these adults do?
Hard protective, supportive structure inside epidermal tissue.
What is the water vascular system
series of branching, fluid-filled
tubes & chambers that forms a hydrostatic skeleton
Five groups of Echinodermata
- Crinoidea- feather stars
& sea lilies - Asteroidea- sea stars
- Ophiuroidea- brittle stars
& basket stars
4.Echinoidea- sea urchins
& sand dollars
5.Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers
What are the four features of the chordate life cycle
- Pharyngeal gill slits- openings into throat
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord- runs length of body
- Notochord- stiff & flexible rod, runs length of body
- Post-anal tail- muscular
What are the 3 major lineages of Chordates?
Cephalochordates
Urochordates
Vertebrates
Characteristics of Cephalochordates
- small, mobile suspension feeders that resemble fish;
adults burrow in sand in ocean-bottom habitats - Notochord stiffens body & muscle contractions on either
side result in fishlike movement
Urochordates characeteristics
- marine
- larvae & adults have pharyngeal gill slits for feeding and gas exchange
- Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, tail occur
ONLY in larvae in most species
What is a vertebraes and its characteristics
First appeared in oceans 540mya in Cambrian explosion
- Vertebrae- cartilaginous or bony structures which
protect spinal cord - Cranium- case that protects brain & sensory organs
What formed during the Cambrian period
protective exoskeleton
What formed during the Silurian period
Jaws and later the bony endoskeleton
Function of bony endoskeleton and when did it evolve
Function to support rapid swimming
Appeared Silurian period
What formed during the Devonian period
Limbs capable of moving on land dated back to 365 mya
First tetrapods
What are the functions of amniotic eggs
- have membranes
surrounding food
& water supply &
a waste repository
– Provide support &
extra surface area
for gas exchange
– Allow for larger,
better-developed
young!
Developed during carboniferous period
Placenta
Viviparous mammals have organ that evolved from amniotic egg
What is one basal vertebrate taxon?
Lamprey
Which vertebrates lay amniotic eggs?
reptiles and some mammals
(bird are reptiles)
What structure in a placental developing organism is greatly reduced (but not absent) as compared to an amniotic egg
Yolk sac since the placenta replaces the core function of it
Which major lineages make up the living Amniota?
Reptiles and mammals
Amniota is a lineage of vertebrates that includes all tetrapods other than amphibians.
How do fish gills have such a high surface area
This is because they contained highly flattened structures that increase surface area, helping gases and nutrients move across them
Are all deuterostomes radial symmetric?
No only adult echinoderms are radially symmetric
What phyla of deuterostomes are vertebrates, and which is mostly invertebrates
- Echinoderms are mostly invertebrates
- Chordates are mostly vertebrates that includes mammals, amphibians, fish, birds and reptiles
