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Biology > Chapter 32 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Flashcards

Deuterostome animals

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1
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

Animal that has backbone and a skeleton

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2
Q

What are the 5 vertebrates groups

A

Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

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3
Q

What are invertebrates

A

cold-blooded animals with no backbone

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4
Q

What are the main groups of invertebrates

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Porifera
  3. Coelenterata
  4. Platyhelminthes
  5. Nematoda,
  6. Annelida
  7. Echinodermata
  8. Mollusca
  9. Arthropoda
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5
Q

What does ectothermic mean?

A

Body heat comes from an external source

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5
Q

What is a differentiating character of echinoderms

A

Radial symmetry

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6
Q

2 parts of Deuterostome animals

A

Echinoderms
Chordata

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7
Q

What groups are endothermic

A

Within Mammalia and Aves

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8
Q

What is the Aves class

A

Basically the bird class

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9
Q

Important embryonic features of deuterostomes

A

Gut develops from anus to mouth

Coelom develops from pockets of mesoderm

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10
Q

Are Deuterostomes mostly vertebrates or invertebrates

A

Vertabrates

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11
Q

What is an echinoderm

A

Marine invertebrate groups of deuterostomes

ex. Sea stars, sea urchins

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12
Q

What are the three main traits of an echinoderm

A
  1. Radial symmetry in adults
  2. Endoskeleton of calcium carbonate
  3. Water vascular system
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13
Q

What are the symmetry of echinoderm as larvae and adults

A

Larvae - bilaterally symmetric
Adults - pentaradial symmetric (5 sided radial symmetry)

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14
Q

What does the endoskeleton in these adults do?

A

Hard protective, supportive structure inside epidermal tissue.

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15
Q

What is the water vascular system

A

series of branching, fluid-filled
tubes & chambers that forms a hydrostatic skeleton

16
Q

Five groups of Echinodermata

A
  1. Crinoidea- feather stars
    & sea lilies
  2. Asteroidea- sea stars
  3. Ophiuroidea- brittle stars
    & basket stars

4.Echinoidea- sea urchins
& sand dollars

5.Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers

17
Q

What are the four features of the chordate life cycle

A
  1. Pharyngeal gill slits- openings into throat
  2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord- runs length of body
  3. Notochord- stiff & flexible rod, runs length of body
  4. Post-anal tail- muscular
18
Q

What are the 3 major lineages of Chordates?

A

Cephalochordates
Urochordates
Vertebrates

19
Q

Characteristics of Cephalochordates

A
  1. small, mobile suspension feeders that resemble fish;
    adults burrow in sand in ocean-bottom habitats
  2. Notochord stiffens body & muscle contractions on either
    side result in fishlike movement
20
Q

Urochordates characeteristics

A
  1. marine
  2. larvae & adults have pharyngeal gill slits for feeding and gas exchange
  3. Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, tail occur
    ONLY in larvae in most species
21
Q

What is a vertebraes and its characteristics

A

First appeared in oceans 540mya in Cambrian explosion

  1. Vertebrae- cartilaginous or bony structures which
    protect spinal cord
  2. Cranium- case that protects brain & sensory organs
22
Q

What formed during the Cambrian period

A

protective exoskeleton

23
Q

What formed during the Silurian period

A

Jaws and later the bony endoskeleton

24
Q

Function of bony endoskeleton and when did it evolve

A

Function to support rapid swimming

Appeared Silurian period

25
Q

What formed during the Devonian period

A

Limbs capable of moving on land dated back to 365 mya

First tetrapods

26
Q

What are the functions of amniotic eggs

A
  • have membranes
    surrounding food
    & water supply &
    a waste repository

– Provide support &
extra surface area
for gas exchange

– Allow for larger,
better-developed
young!

Developed during carboniferous period

27
Q

Placenta

A

Viviparous mammals have organ that evolved from amniotic egg

28
Q

What is one basal vertebrate taxon?

A

Lamprey

29
Q

Which vertebrates lay amniotic eggs?

A

reptiles and some mammals
(bird are reptiles)

30
Q

What structure in a placental developing organism is greatly reduced (but not absent) as compared to an amniotic egg

A

Yolk sac since the placenta replaces the core function of it

31
Q

Which major lineages make up the living Amniota?

A

Reptiles and mammals

Amniota is a lineage of vertebrates that includes all tetrapods other than amphibians.

32
Q

How do fish gills have such a high surface area

A

This is because they contained highly flattened structures that increase surface area, helping gases and nutrients move across them

33
Q

Are all deuterostomes radial symmetric?

A

No only adult echinoderms are radially symmetric

34
Q

What phyla of deuterostomes are vertebrates, and which is mostly invertebrates

A
  • Echinoderms are mostly invertebrates
  • Chordates are mostly vertebrates that includes mammals, amphibians, fish, birds and reptiles
35
Q
A

Biology (40 decks)

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