Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

What is the process of Cellular respiration

Answer 1

During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose.

Question 2

Fermentation

Question 3

Difference between Fermentation and Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

The difference is that cellular respiration results in complete oxidation of carbons in glucose to CO2 while fermentation does not fully oxidize glucose.

Question 4

What are the 4 interconnected processes that convert most chemical energy in glucose to chemical energy in atp

Answer 4

Glycolysis
Pyuvate processing
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport and oxidative phosphylation

Question 5

What is cellular respiration

Answer 5

Any set of reactions that uses electrons harvested from high-energy molecules to produce ATP via an electron transport chain

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvates

Question 7

Pyruvate processing

Answer 7

Each pyruvate produced by glycosis is processed to release one molecule of CO2 and the remaining two carbons are used to form the compound acetyl CoA.

Question 8

Citric acid cylce

Answer 8

Two carbons from each acetyl CoA produced by pyruvate processing are oxidized to tow molecules of CO2

During this reaction, more ATP and NADH is produced and FAD is reduced to form FADH2

Question 9

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 9

Electrons from NADH and FADH2 produced by pyruvate processing and the citric acid cycle move through a series of electro carriers called that are called the electron transport chain.
The energy obtained from these redox reaction is used to make ATP

Question 10

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 10

Production of ATP molecules using a proton gradient established via redox reaction of an electron transport chain

Question 11

What are catabolic pathways

Answer 11

Sets of reactions that break down molecules.

The reactions harvest stored chemical energy to produce ATP

Question 12

What are anabolic pathways

Answer 12

sets of reactions that synthesize larger molecules from smaller components

Question 13

Glycosis

Answer 13

Series of 10 chemical reactions in the cytosol that oxidize glucose to produce pyruvate, NADG, and ATP

Question 14

Substrate[level phosphorylation

Answer 14

Production of ATP or GTP by the transfer of a phosphate group from an immediate substrate directly to ADP or GDP. This occurs in the glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle.

Question 15

Phosphofructokinase

Answer 15

enzyme that catelzyes synthesis of frutose 1,6-bisophaate from frutcose-6-phosphate, a key reaction in glyocsis

Question 16

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 16

Central compartment of a mitochondrion which is lined by the inner membrane; contains mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes and enzymes for pyruvate processing and critic acid cycle.

Question 17

Pyruvate dyhydrogenase

Answer 17

Large enzyme complex, located in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes and the cytosol of prokaryotes, that is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA during cellular respiration.

Question 18

Coenzyme A

Answer 18

Molecule required for many cellular reactions that is often transiently linked to acetyl groups