Chapter 14

Question 1

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 1

chromosome theory of inheritance states that genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes, and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain Mendel’s laws of inheritance.

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

Study of inheritance of traits, the nature of genes and how genes work

Question 3

Heredity

Answer 3

transmission of traits from parents to offspring via genetic info

Question 4

Model organism

Answer 4

Organism used for scientific study based on easy to work with features

Question 5

Polymorphic trait

Answer 5

When a trait appeared more commonly in two or more different forms

Question 6

Self fertilization

Answer 6

fusion of two gametes produced by the same individual to form offspring

Question 7

cross fertilization

Answer 7

Mating between two individuals used for genetic analysis

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

observable traits of individual

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

Combination of alleles found in an individual is the genotype

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

hereditary factor that influences a particular trait

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

Having two of the same allele

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

Having two different alleles

Question 13

Dominant allele

Answer 13

Produces same phenotype in heterozygous and homozygous enzymes

Question 14

Recessive allele

Answer 14

Produces its phenotype only in homozygous genotypes

Question 15

Pure-line individuals

Answer 15

Identical in phenotype and when crossed, produce offspring that all have the same phenotype.

Question 16

Hybrid

Answer 16

Offspring that crosses between homozygous parents with different genotypes

Question 17

Reciprocal cross

Answer 17

Phenotypes of the male and female are reversed compared with a prior cross

Question 18

Testcross

Answer 18

Can confirm independent assortment
Crossing heterozygote w homozygous recessive

EeGg x eegg

Question 19

X-linkage

Answer 19

Gene located on the X chromosome or a trait associated with a gene on the X chromosome

Question 20

Y-linkage

Answer 20

Gene located on the Y chromosome, or a trait associated with a gene on the Y chromosome

Question 21

Parental generation

Answer 21

Adults used in first experimental cross

Question 22

F1 generation

Answer 22

First generation of offspring produced from the parental generation

Question 23

Particulate inheritance

Answer 23

The concept is that inheritance is based on genes that do not blend together in offspring but instead remain separate, or particle-like.

Question 24

Alleles

Answer 24

Different versions of the same gene

Question 25

monohybrid cross

Answer 25

genetic cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for one particular trait

Question 26

dihybrid cross

Answer 26

genetic cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for 2 different traits

Question 27

When does law of segregation happen in meiois

Answer 27

During anaphase 1

Question 28

What is independent assortment?

Answer 28

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Question 29

What is law of segregation?

Answer 29

When an organism makes gametes, each gamete receives just one gene copy, which is selected randomly