Chapter 1, The Study of Life

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Question 3

Experiment

Answer 3

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

Question 4

chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 4

A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Question 6

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 6

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. Occurs as a double helix with two intertwined strands held together by noncovalent bonds.

Question 7

Double Helix

Answer 7

Secondary structure of DNA, consists of two antiparallel DNA strands wound around each other. Its basically made up of 4 molecular building blocks that contain 4 different type of bases

Question 8

Base Pairing

Answer 8

Interactions between pairs of bases, only occurs only between certain letters.

It also permits DNA to be copied and preserves the info encoded in the DNA

Question 9

Central Dogma

Answer 9

DNA codes for RNA which codes for proteins

Question 10

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 10

Nucleic acid that makes a copy of a gene’s information then its role is to act as a messenger and carry those instructions from the DNA to the ribosome which reads the info to synthesize the making of the protein

Question 11

Protein

Answer 11

Large complex material that do most of the work in cells and required to form structural components and required for the structure, function and regulation of a body’s tissues and organs.

Question 12

What are the 2 fundamental nutritional needs of organisms

Answer 12

ATP: Chemical energy in the form of a molecule

Molecules that can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, proteins, the cell membrane and other large complex compounds required by the cell.

Question 13

5 traits of organisms

Answer 13

Cells: All organisms consist of cells

Replication: Organisms reproduce

Information: Organisms process heredity, or genetic info encoded in units called genes. Respond to info from the environment and adjust to maintain stable internal conditions.

Energy: To stay alive, organisms need to acquire and use energy

Evolution: Organisms are the products of evolution

Question 14

Theory

Answer 14

an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or event supported by a large amount of evidence

Question 15

Cell

Answer 15

Basic functional and structural unit of all organisms

Question 16

Molecules

Answer 16

Substance made up of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 17

Evolution

Answer 17

change of characteristic of population over time

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 19

Natural Selecton

Answer 19

Process when individuals with certain heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring than do individuals without those traits

Question 20

heritable

Answer 20

traits that can be passed onto offspring

Question 21

Fitness

Answer 21

Individual’s ability to produce viable offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population

Question 22

Adaptation

Answer 22

heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking that trait

Question 23

Phylogeny

Answer 23

Evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 24

eukaryote

Answer 24

organism with a nucleus and has mutliple organnells. Can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 25

Prokayote

Answer 25

unicellular organism with no nucleus and not many organelles

Question 26

Taxonomy

Answer 26

effort to name and classify organisms

Question 27

Taxon

Answer 27

Any named group at any evel of classification is called taxon

Question 28

Domain

Answer 28

Taxonomic category that has 3 recognized domains which are bacteria, archea and eukarya

Question 29

phylum

Answer 29

refers to major lineages within each domain. Examples are mollusks (clams, squid, octopuses) are animal phylum

Question 30

Genus

Answer 30

First part of the two part name naming system. For example humans are in the genus homo as well as six other extinct species

Question 31

Species name

Answer 31

Identified the orgaisms species, for example humans are given the name sapiens