Toxicology - UWorld Flashcards
What are (5) Signs/Symptoms of Salicylate (a.k.a. Aspirin) toxicity?
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Tachypnea with Respiratory Alkalosis
- Lactic Acidosis
- Hyperthermia
- Altered Mental Status (AMS)
What are (3) Mechanisms of Action that cause the Signs/Symptoms of Salicylate (a.k.a. Aspirin) toxicity?
- Stimulation of Medullary Respiratory Center
- Stimulation of Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
- Inhibition of Cellular Metabolism
What is the Mechanism of Action (MOA) for Organophosphate Poisoning?
Inhibition of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ⇒ Cholinergic Toxicity
What are (3) Types of Clinical Effects seen with Organophosphate Poisoning?
- Muscarinic effects
- Nicotinic effects
- CNS effects
What are the (7) “DUMBELS” Muscarinic effects seen on Presentation in a patient with Organophosphate Poisoning (and with many other muscarinic medications)?
- Diarrhea
- Urination
- Miosis
- Bronchospasm/Bradycardia
- Emesis
- Lacrimation
- Salivation
What are (3) Nicotinic effects seen on Presentation in a patient with Organophosphate Poisoning?
- Muscle Weakness
- Paralysis
- Fasciculations
What are (3) CNS effects seen on Presentation in a patient with Organophosphate Poisoning?
- Respiratory Failure
- Seizure
- Coma
What are (4) Management Steps in the Treatment of a patient with Organophosphate Poisoning?
- Emergent Resuscitation (eg, Oxygen, Fluid, Intubation)
- Decontamination
- Atropine & Pralidoxime (reversal agents)
- Activated Charcoal (if within 1 hour of exposure)
What is the Mechanism of Action (MOA) of ATROPINE?
Competitive Inhibitor of Acetylcholine
What is the Mechanism of Action (MOA) of PRALIDOXIME?
Cholinesterase-Reactivating agent
What is Organophosphate Poisoning typically caused by?
Ingestion of Agricultural Pesticide
