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2.1) My Cards > 4. MTB Step 3 - Skin Infections > Flashcards

4. MTB Step 3 - Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

IMPETIGO

What are the (2) Most Common bacterial causes of Impetigo?

A
  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Staphylococcus aureus

**Impetigo = Most Superficial bacterial cause = Epidermal layer of skin**

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2
Q

IMPETIGO

What are (2) Initial Medical Treatments for minor-moderate Impetigo caused by Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Mupirocin (Topical)
  2. Retapamulin (Topical)
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3
Q

IMPETIGO

What are (2) Initial Medical Treatments for severe Impetigo caused by Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Dicloxacillin (Oral)
  2. Cephalexin (Oral)
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4
Q

IMPETIGO

What are (2) Initial Medical Treatments for severe Impetigo caused by MRSA?

A
  1. TMP/SMX (Bactrim)
  2. Doxycycline
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5
Q

IMPETIGO

What is the Treatment for Severe Impetigo caused by Strep pyogenes in a patient with a Rash Allergy to Penicillin?

A

Cephalexin

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6
Q

IMPETIGO

What are the (7) possible Treatments for Severe Impetigo caused by Strep pyogenes in a patient with an Anaphylaxis Allergy to Penicillin?

A

Anaphylaxis Allergy = Vancomycin, Linezolid, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, Telavancin, TMP/SMX, Daptomycin

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7
Q

ERYSIPELAS

What is the Most Likely Bacterial Cause of Erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

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8
Q

ERYSIPELAS

What are (2) Clinical Manifestations of Erysipelas, and what is the MOA for these?

A
  1. Bright Red skin
  2. Hot skin

MOA = dilation of the capillaries of the Dermis due to locally released inflammatory mediators.

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9
Q

ERYSIPELAS

What are the (2) Best INITIAL (empiric) Treatments for Clinically (solely based on observation; empirically) Diagnosed Erysipelas?

A
  1. Dicloxacillin (Oral)
  2. Cephalexin (Oral)
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10
Q

ERYSIPELAS

What is the Treatment for culture diagnosed Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep) Erysipelas?

A

Penicillin VK

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11
Q

CELLULITIS

What are the (2) Most Likely Bacterial Causes of Cellulitis?

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
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12
Q

CELLULITIS

What are (4) Clinical Manifestations of Cellulitis?

A
  1. Warm
  2. Red
  3. Swollen
  4. Tender skin

**likely to present in the arm or leg but can present in any skin**

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13
Q

CELLULITIS

If presented with a possible case of Cellulitis in a Leg, what condition should be Ruled Out prior to treatment, and which diagnostic method should be used?

A

Lower Extremity Doppler to exclude DVT.

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14
Q

CELLULITIS

What are (3) Antibiotics used to treat Minor Cases of Cellulitis?

A
  1. Dicloxacillin (Oral)
  2. Cephalexin (Oral)
  3. Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Oral)
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15
Q

CELLULITIS

What are (4) Antibiotics used to treat Severe Cases of Cellulitis?

A
  1. Oxacillin (IV)
  2. Nafcillin (IV)
  3. Cefazolin (IV)
  4. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (IV)
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16
Q

CELLULITIS

What are the (2) Medications which may be used to treat Cellulitis in a patient with a Rash Allergy to Penicillin?

A

Cephalosporins:

  1. Cefazolin
  2. Ceftaroline
17
Q

CELLULITIS

What are the (2) Medications which may be used to treat Minor Cases of Cellulitis in a patient with an Anaphylaxis Allergy to Penicillin?

A
  1. TMP/SMX
  2. Clindamycin
18
Q

CELLULITIS

What are the (3) Medications which may be used to treat Severe Cases of Cellulitis in a patient with an Anaphylaxis Allergy to Penicillin?

A
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Linezolid
  3. Daptomycin
19
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What is the Most Likely Bacterial Cause for Folliculitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles, and Boils?

A

Staphylococcus aureus skin infections beginning in the Hair Follicle:

  • Folliculitis = smallest, most minor
  • Furuncles = small, minor
  • Carbuncles = medium, moderate
  • Boils = large, moderate-severe
  • Abscess = largest, most severe
20
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What are (3) Antibiotics used to treat Minor Cases of these Skin Infections?

A
  1. Dicloxacillin (Oral)
  2. Cephalexin (Oral)
  3. Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Oral)

**Larger Infections** (eg, Boils, Abscess) **respond to drainage**

**Same Tx as for Cellulitis**

21
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What are (4) Antibiotics used to treat Severe Cases of these Skin Infections related to pimples?

A
  1. O xacillin (IV)
  2. N afcillin (IV)
  3. C efazolin (IV)
  4. A mpicillin/Sulbactam (IV)

O.N.C.A.

**Same Abx’s as for Cellulitis**

22
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What are the (2) Medications which may be used to treat these Skin Infections in a patient with a Rash Allergy to Penicillin?

A

Cephalosporins:

  1. Cefazolin
  2. Ceftaroline
23
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What are the (2) Medications which may be used to treat Minor Cases of these Skin Infections in a patient with an Anaphylaxis Allergy to Penicillin?

A
  1. TMP/SMX
  2. Clindamycin
24
Q

FOLLICULITIS < FURUNCLES < CARBUNCLES < BOILS

What are the (3) Medications which may be used to treat Severe Cases of these Skin Infections in a patient with an Anaphylaxis Allergy to Penicillin?

A
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Linezolid
  3. Daptomycin
25
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND NAILS

What are (3) Common Manifestations of Fungal Infections on the SCALP?

A
  1. Severe Itching
  2. Dandruff
  3. Bald Patches
26
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND NAILS

What are (4) Common Manifestations of Fungal Infections on the NAILS?

A
  1. Thickened
  2. Yellow
  3. Cloudy
  4. Fragile and/or Broken
27
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND NAILS

What is the Best Test to Diagnose Fungal Infections of the Skin and Nails?

A

KOH Preparation

Procedure:

  1. Scrape the Skin/Nail
  2. Place scraping on slide with KOH + Acid
  3. Heat the slide

**Epithelial Cells will dissolve and leave the Fungal forms behind, visible on the slide, due to the Chitin in the Fungal Cell Wall**

28
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND NAILS

What are (7) Medicinal Treatments for Fungal Infections of the Skin NOT involving the Hair or Nails?

A
  1. Clotrimazole (Topical)
  2. Miconazole (Topical)
  3. Ketoconazole (Topical)
  4. Econazole (Topical)
  5. Terconazole (Topical)
  6. Nystatin (Topical)
  7. Ciclopirox (Topical)
29
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN AND NAILS

What are (3) Medicinal Treatments for Fungal Infections of the Skin Involving the Hair or Nails?

A

Oral Medications:

  1. Terbinafine: AEs = Increased LFTs
  2. Itraconazole
  3. Griseofulvin (for Tinea Capitis): Has Less Efficacy than either Terbinafine or Itraconazole.

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