Renal, Urinary System - UWorld

Question 1

What are the (2) First-Line Treatments for Primary Nocturnal Enuresis if Lifestyle Modifications (ie, Motivational Therapies) are unsuccessful?

Answer 1

1. Enuresis Alarms
2. Desmopressin

Question 2

Of the 2 first-line treatments for Primary Nocturnal Enuresis, which one provides the best Long-Term outcome (eg, low rate of relapse)?

Answer 2

Enuresis Alarms

Question 3

What is the definition of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis?

Answer 3

An Inability to achieve Nighttime Dryness in Healthy Patients age ≥ 5 without additional urinary tract symptoms (eg, dysuria, daytime incontinence).

Question 4

What are the (4) Initial Management Steps in a patient with suspected Primary Nocturnal Enuresis?

Answer 4

1. Urinalysis (dx step)
2. Lifestyle Changes (tx step)
3. Enuresis Alarms (tx step)
4. Desmopressin (tx step)

Question 5

What are (4) Lifestyle Changes that can be made for a patient with Primary Nocturnal Enuresis?

Answer 5

1. Minimize Fluid Intake before bedtime.
2. Avoid Sugary/Caffeinated Beverages.
3. Void Before bedtime.
4. Institute a Reward System (eg, “Gold Star” chart).

Question 6

What is the Major Complication associated with Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 6

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) due to Myoglobinuria

Question 7

What is (1) Physical Characteristic of Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 7

Muscle Atrophy

Question 8

What is the Primary Laboratory Finding in a patient with suspected Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 8

CREATININE KINASE (Dramatically Elevated)

Question 9

What is the Treatment for a patient with Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 9

Isotonic Saline

Question 10

What are the (2) Mechanisms of Action for the Treatment of Choice in a patient with Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 10

1. Improves Volume Status
2. Prevents Intratubular Cast Formation

*FYI: TOC for Rhabdomyolysis is Isotonic Saline

Question 11

What are (3) Medication Treatment Options for Acute Cystitis in a NONpregnant Woman?

Answer 11

1. Nitrofurantoin (5 days)
2. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (3 days)
3. Fosfomycin (1 Dose)

Question 12

What Class of Medication is considered the Second-Line Drug of Choice (DOC) in a NONpregnant Woman with Acute Cystitis (only if 1st-line options can’t be used)?

Answer 12

Fluoroquinolones (eg, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)​

Question 13

Under What Condition should you get a Urine Culture in a NONpregnant Woman with Acute Cystitis?

Answer 13

If Initial Treatment Fails

Question 14

What is the Medication Class of Choice and Duration of Use for a NONpregnant Woman with COMPLICATED Cystitis?

Answer 14

Fluoroquinolones (eg, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)​

• 5 - 14 days

Question 15

What is the OUTpatient Treatment for a NONpregnant Woman with Pyelonephritis?

Answer 15

Fluoroquinolones (eg, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)

Question 16

What are (2) INpatient Treatment Options for a NONpregnant Woman with Pyelonephritis?

Answer 16

1. Fluoroquinolone (IV)
2. Aminoglycoside +/- ampicillin (IV)

Question 17

What is Indicated PRIOR to Treating a sexually active Women of Childbearing Age with Antibiotics?

Answer 17

Pregnancy Test (to avoid potential fetal teratogen exposure)

Question 18

What are (5) UTI Antibiotics Recommended for Pregnant Women with a UTI?

Answer 18

1. Fosfomycin
2. Amoxicillin
3. Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)
4. Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
5. Cephalexin (Keflex)

F.A.A.N.C. (“Fancy” abx for preggars w/ uti)

Question 19

What are (3) UTI Antibiotics Contraindicated in Pregnant Women with a UTI?

Answer 19

1. Tetracyclines
2. Fluoroquinolones
3. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)