Dermatology - UWorld Flashcards
What are the (4) main Characteristics of Alopecia Areata?
- Discrete, Smooth and Circular areas of Hair Loss over the scalp.
- NO Scaling or Inflammation present (typically).
- Hair Loss develops over a Few Weeks and has Recurring Pattern.
- Most patients have Regrowth of Hair in affected areas.
What is the First-Line Treatment for patients with Alopecia Areata?
Corticosteroids (Topical or Intralesional)
On what Part of the Body does Melasma typically occur?
Face (Sun-exposed areas)
- Malar (cheeks & nose)
- Centrofacial (cheeks, nose, forehead, upper lip, chin)
- Mandibular (jaw)
Describe the (3) Physical Characteristics of the Macules of Melasma:
- Irregularly Shaped,
- Hyperpigmented macules, of
- Varying Color
Melasma is Most Common in which Demographic Population?
Pregnant Women
What is the Pathophysiology of Melasma in a Pregnant Woman?
Elevated Estrogen, Progesterone, and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) –> Melanocyte Stimulation –> Hyperpigmentation
RETINOIDS are Contraindicated during Pregnancy due to High Risk for Spontaneous Abortion AND what (3) Congenital Defects?
- Craniofacial
- Cardiac
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
memory: C.C.C.
What are (3) typical Clinical Findings in patients with Papulopustular Rosacea?
Persistent:
- Facial Flushing
- Erythema
- Inflammatory Acneiform Papules & Pustules
What are (2) ways to Manage patients with Melasma?
- Minimize Sun-exposure
- Broad-spectrum Sunscreen with UVA & UVB Radiation Protection
What Dermatology Condition does the following Describe?:
A Benign Epidermal Tumor that can occur on the Face, Upper Extremities, and Trunk. Lesions are Well-demarcated, Pigmented, Round or Oval, Dull or Verrucous surface with a “Stuck-On” appearance?
Seborrheic Keratosis
What are (2) Reasons to Treat Seborrheic Keratosis?
- Symptomatic Lesions
- Cosmetic Problems
What are (3) Clinical Manifestations of the Lesions seen with Tinea Pedis?
- P ruritic
- E rythematous
- W ell-demarcated
mneumonic:“PEW“**
What is the Treatment for MILD Tinea Pedis?
TOPICAL Antifungals (eg, Terbinafine, Miconazole, Clotrimazole)
memory: MILD = Terbinafine, MIconazole, ClotrIMazole
What is the Treatment for SEVERE Tinea Pedis or associated Onychomycosis?
ORAL Antifungals (eg, Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole)
memory: SEVERE = Terbinafine, ITRAconazole, FLUconazole
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“A Slow-Growing and Locally Aggressive Benign Neoplasm with a High Rate of Local Recurrence, even AFTER Surgical Excision.”
Desmoid Tumor