1.01 MTB Step 3 - Animal-Borne Diseases (Part I)

Question 1

LEPTOSPIROSIS

How is Leptospirosis transmitted?

Answer 1

There will be some sort of Exposure to Animals (i.e., ate food contaminated by the urine of infected animals)

A SPIROCHETE is the causitive agent of Leptospirosis

Question 2

LEPTOSPIROSIS

What are (5) common symptoms of Leptospirosis?

Answer 2

1. Fever
2. Abdominal Pain
3. Muscle Aches
4. Jaundice
5. Altered Mental Status (severe disease)

Animal Exposure + Jaundice + Renal = Leptospirosis

Question 3

LEPTOSPIROSIS

How is Leptospirosis Diagnosed?

Answer 3

Serology

Also, look for ELEVATION in CPK level

Question 4

LEPTOSPIROSIS

What is the Treatment for Leptospirosis?

Answer 4

Ceftriaxone

or

Penicillin

Question 5

TULAREMIA

How is Tularemia transmitted?

Answer 5

Involves Contact with Rabbits during the Summer (i.e., a hunter who has touched a small, furry animal)

Question 6

TULAREMIA

What are (3) common signs/symptoms of Tularemia?

Answer 6

1. Ulcer (at site of contact)
2. Enlarged Lymph Nodes
3. Conjunctivitis

Question 7

TULAREMIA

How is Tularemia Diagnosed?

Answer 7

Serology

Note that taking a culture is dangerous, as SPORES can cause Severe Pneumonia in lab personnel.

Question 8

TULAREMIA

Which form of Tularemia is Rapidly Fatal?

Answer 8

Pneumonic

(Lung)

Question 9

TULAREMIA

What is the Treatment for Tularemia?

Answer 9

Doxycycline

or

Gentamicin

or

Streptomycin

Question 10

CYSTICERCOSIS

How is Cystircercosis transmitted?

Answer 10

Ingestion of Infected Pork

in endemic areas such as Mexico, South America, Eastern Europe, or India

Question 11

CYSTICERCOSIS

What is a potential Symptom of Cysticercosis?

Answer 11

Seizure

Question 12

CYSTICERCOSIS

How is Cysticercosis Diagnosed?

Answer 12

CT Head

• will show Thin-walled Cysts, which are most often*
• Calcified*

Question 13

CYSTICERCOSIS

What is the Treatment for Active Cysticercosis?

Answer 13

Albendazole

Question 14

CYSTICERCOSIS

What is the Treatment for Inactive Cysticercosis (patient only presents with Calcified Lesions and Seizures)?

Answer 14

Anti-Epileptic Therapy (only)

Question 15

TRICHINELLOSIS

How is Trichinellosis transmitted?

Answer 15

Ingestion of Undercooked Meats (most often pork)

Question 16

TRICHINELLOSIS

What are (6) common symptoms of Trichinellosis?

Answer 16

1. Diarrhea
2. Abdominal Pain
3. Vomiting.
4. Swelling of the Face
5. Muscle Pains
6. Rash

Question 17

TRICHINELLOSIS

1. Which (2) Lab findings are part of the Best INITIAL Diagnostic Tests for Trichinellosis?
2. What are (2) Confirmatory Diagnostic Tests for Trichinellosis?

Answer 17

1. Best Initial: Increased Eosinophils & Increased CPK
2. Confirmatory: ELISA or Muscle Biopsy

Question 18

TRICHINELLOSIS

1. What are (2) Medical Treatments for Trichinellosis?
2. What is the best way to Prevent Trichinellosis?

Answer 18

1. Albendazole or Mebendazole
2. Prevent by Fully Cooking Meat