4.1 MTB Step 3 - Dementia (Alzheimer Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, CJD) Flashcards
Cards Complete:
ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)
PRESENTATION
What is the Typical Presentation of a patient with Alzheimer Disease (AD)?
Older Patient (> 65)
with
Slowly Progressive Loss of Memory
ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)
DIAGNOSIS
What are (4) Tests that you must order for ALL patients with Memory Loss and which is the ONLY test of the four that will be Abnormal?
- CT Head = Diffuse, Symmetrical Atrophy
- Vitamin B12 level = Normal
- Thyroid Function Testing (T4 / TSH) = Normal
- RPR or VDRL = Normal
*Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a Diagnosis of Exclusion
ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)
TREATMENT
Which class of medications are considered the Standard of Care for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and what are (3) examples?
Anticholinesterase medications
- Donepezil
- Rivastigmine
- Galantamine
Memantine is a medication from another class with Modest benefit.
ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)
PREVENTION
What activity helps to decrease dementia progression?
Exercise
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)
PRESENTATION
What is the typical Presentation of a patient with Frontotemporal Dementia?
- Personality & Behavior become abnormal first
- Memory is lost afterward
- There is NO movement disorder
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)
DIAGNOSIS
How is Frontotemporal Dementia diagnosed and what does it show?
CT or MRI Head
shows Focal Atrophy of the Frontal and Temporal Lobes.
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)
TREATMENT
What is the treatment for Frontotemporal Dementia?
Anticholinesterase medications
- Donepezil
- Rivastigmine
- Galantamine
Memantine is a medication from another class with Modest benefit.
**this is the same treatment as for AD, just with less response**
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
ETIOLOGY
What is the cause of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?
PRIONS
(Transmissible Protein Particles)
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
PRESENTATION
What are (3) common Clinical Features of Creutzeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?
- Younger than AD patient
- Rapidly Progressive Dementia
- Myoclonus
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
DIAGNOSIS
What are the (2) Best INITIAL Tests for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and what is the finding for each?
- MRI Head = Normal
- EEG = Abnormal
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
DIAGNOSIS
What is the Next BEST Test for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) following MRI Head & EEG and what does it show?
Lumbar Tap
CSF shows 14-3-3 Protein
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
DIAGNOSIS
What is the Most ACCURATE Diagnostic Test for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?
Brain Biopsy