4.1 MTB Step 3 - Dementia (Alzheimer Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, CJD) Flashcards

Cards Complete:

1
Q

ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)

PRESENTATION

What is the Typical Presentation of a patient with Alzheimer Disease (AD)?

A

Older Patient (> 65)

with

Slowly Progressive Loss of Memory

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2
Q

ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)

DIAGNOSIS

What are (4) Tests that you must order for ALL patients with Memory Loss and which is the ONLY test of the four that will be Abnormal?

A
  1. CT Head = Diffuse, Symmetrical Atrophy
  2. Vitamin B12 level = Normal
  3. Thyroid Function Testing (T4 / TSH) = Normal
  4. RPR or VDRL = Normal

*Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a Diagnosis of Exclusion

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3
Q

ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)

TREATMENT

Which class of medications are considered the Standard of Care for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and what are (3) examples?

A

Anticholinesterase medications

  1. Donepezil
  2. Rivastigmine
  3. Galantamine

Memantine is a medication from another class with Modest benefit.

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4
Q

ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)

PREVENTION

What activity helps to decrease dementia progression?

A

Exercise

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5
Q

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)

PRESENTATION

What is the typical Presentation of a patient with Frontotemporal Dementia?

A
  • Personality & Behavior become abnormal first
  • Memory is lost afterward
  • There is NO movement disorder
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6
Q

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)

DIAGNOSIS

How is Frontotemporal Dementia diagnosed and what does it show?

A

CT or MRI Head

shows Focal Atrophy of the Frontal and Temporal Lobes.

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7
Q

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (PICK DISEASE)

TREATMENT

What is the treatment for Frontotemporal Dementia?

A

Anticholinesterase medications

  1. Donepezil
  2. Rivastigmine
  3. Galantamine

Memantine is a medication from another class with Modest benefit.

**this is the same treatment as for AD, just with less response**

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8
Q

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)

ETIOLOGY

What is the cause of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?

A

PRIONS

(Transmissible Protein Particles)

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9
Q

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)

PRESENTATION

What are (3) common Clinical Features of Creutzeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?

A
  1. Younger than AD patient
  2. Rapidly Progressive Dementia
  3. Myoclonus
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10
Q

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)

DIAGNOSIS

What are the (2) Best INITIAL Tests for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and what is the finding for each?

A
  1. MRI Head = Normal
  2. EEG = Abnormal
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11
Q

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)

DIAGNOSIS

What is the Next BEST Test for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) following MRI Head & EEG and what does it show?

A

Lumbar Tap

CSF shows 14-3-3 Protein

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12
Q

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)

DIAGNOSIS

What is the Most ACCURATE Diagnostic Test for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?

A

Brain Biopsy

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