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Pharm > Toxicology II > Flashcards

Toxicology II Flashcards

1
Q

At what percent of Hb saturation with CO does the cherry red appearance occur?

A

40-60%

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2
Q

What are the ssx of CO poisoning at 0-10%?

A

None

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3
Q

What are the ssx of CO poisoning at 20-30%?

A

Slight HA, exertional dyspnea

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4
Q

What are the ssx of CO poisoning at 30-40%

A

Throbbing HA, fatigue, dizziness, SOB

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5
Q

What are the ssx of CO poisoning at 40-60%?

A

Weakness, confusion, cherry red appearance

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6
Q

At what level of CO binding do convulsions, coma, and respiratory distress happen?

A

Greater than 60%

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7
Q

What are the ssx of Warfarin overdose?

A

Hemoptysis, Hematuria, bruising, bleeding etc

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Warfarin overdose?

A

Injection of Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma with prothrombin complex

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9
Q

What are the steps of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

A

12
11
9
10

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10
Q

What are the steps of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

A

3 7 10

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11
Q

What is the MOA of naloxone? How long does it last?

A

Acts on mu, kappa, and delta receptors competitively.

45 minutes

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12
Q

What is the MOA of naltrexone? How long does it last?

A

Acts on mu, kappa, and delta receptors competitively.

24-72 hours

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13
Q

What is the antidote for acute opiate overdose?

A

Naloxone

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14
Q

What is the use of naltrexone?

A

Maintenance with poisoning?

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15
Q

What is the use of methadone? MOA?

A

Opioid with lower withdrawal symptoms

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16
Q

What is methemoglobinemia? What causes it?

A

When Fe is in the ferric (fe3+ state)

Caused by exposure to various chemicals (nitrites, sulfa drugs)

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17
Q

What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia? MOA?

A

Methylene blue

Causes a direct chemical reduction of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin

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18
Q

What is the toxidrome of sympathomimetic (eyes, CNS, temp, BP)?

A

Mydriasis
HTN
Tremor
Hyperthermia

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19
Q

What are the three common sympathomimetics that are commonly overdosed on?

A

Cocaine
Amphetamines
PCP

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20
Q

What is the toxidrome of sedatives/hypnotic drugs (eyes, CNS, breathing, BP)?

A

Drowsy/coma
Decreased respirations
Miosis or mydriasis
Hypotension

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21
Q

What are the three common sedatives/hypnotics that are commonly overdosed on?

A

EtOH
Barbiturates
Benzos

22
Q

What is the toxidrome of opioids drugs (eyes, CNS, breathing, BP)?

A

Coma
Depressed respiration
Pinpoint pupils
Opiate triad

23
Q

What is the opiate triad?

A

hypothermia
Hypotension
Histamine release

24
Q

What is the toxidrome of anticholinergic drugs? (CNS, pupils, skin, temp, urinary)?

A 
Agitation
Mydriasis
Fever
dry skin
Flushing
Urinary retention
25
Q

What are the two classes of drugs that usually cause anticholinergic overdoses?

A

Anticholinergics

Antidepressants

26
Q

Reduce ACh ssx = ?

A 
Hot
Dry
Mad
Red 
Blind
27
Q

What are the two classes of drugs that usually cause cholinergic overdoses?

A

Organophosphates

Nicotine

28
Q

What are the pupils like in cholinergic poisoning?

A

Pinpoint

29
Q

What are the ssx of cholinergic poisoning?

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI motility
Emesis
30
Q

What is the toxidrome of TCA overdose (CNS, eyes, heart)?

A

Coma/agitation
Mydriasis
Dysrhythmias
Convulsions

31
Q

What is the toxidrome for salicylates? (breathing, skin, ears, alk/acidosis, temp)

A
  • to increases respiratory rate
  • Diaphoresis
  • Tinnitus
  • Alkalosis, progressing to acidosis
  • Hyperpyrexia
32
Q

What are the ssx of acidic substance overdose?

A

Burns
bloody diarrhea
epigastric pain

33
Q

What are the ssx of basic substance overdose?

A

Dysphagia/odynophagia
Thick emesis
Shock

34
Q

What is the treatment for acidic substance overdose?

A

ABCs
Water
Analgesics
Emollients

35
Q

What is the treatment for alkaline overdose?

A

ABCs
Water
Analgesic
NO lavage

36
Q

What are the common household products that are acidic?

A

Cleaners, bleaches

37
Q

What are the common household products that are basic?

A

Lye

Liquid plumber

38
Q

Acids or bases cause rapid liquefactive necrosis?

A

Bases

39
Q

What is the primary cause of chemical burns, acids or bases?

A

Bases

40
Q

Which causes immediate buccal cavity/esophageal pain: acids or bases

A

Acids

41
Q

Which is swallowed more often, acids or bases?

A

Bases

42
Q

Which causes esophageal perforation: acids or bases?

A

Bases

43
Q

Where do the primary effects of basic substances occur?

A

Esophagus and stomach

44
Q

What is meperidine?

A

Opiate

45
Q

Benzos are rarely fatal unless taken with what?

A

EtOH or other depressant

46
Q

What is the antidote for benzo overdose? MOA?

A

Flumazenil GABA receptors antagonist

47
Q

What are the ssx of acetominphen poisoning?

A

N/v

hepatic necrosis

48
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? MOA?

A

N-acetylcysteine

Increases glutathione

49
Q

What is the chemical that is expended with acetaminophen overdose?

A

Glutathione

50
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac dysrhythmia induced by cocaine?

A

Lidocaine

Pharm (73 decks)

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