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Pharm > GI II > Flashcards

GI II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the adverse effects seen with sucralfate?

A

Constipation, impaired drug absorption

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2
Q

What pts should you be careful about administering sucralfate to? Why?

A

Renal insufficient pts

Al toxicity

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3
Q

What are the common adverse effects of misoprostol?

A

Cramping, diarrhea

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4
Q

What is the drug name of peptobismol?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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5
Q

What are the severe adverse effects with bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Salicylate toxicty

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6
Q

What population of pts should not be administered misoprostol? Why?

A

Pregnant patients

May stimulate uterine contractions

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7
Q

What is the advantage of mucosal protective agents over PPIs?

A

Do not stop acid secretion, thus will not cause B12 deficiency

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8
Q

What is misoprostol primarily used for?

A

NSAID induced ulcers

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9
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating H.pylori, travelers diarrhea, and dyspepsia?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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10
Q

What are the two cancers that H.pylori causes?

A

Gastric lymphoma

Adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

What is the enzyme that allows H/pylori to thrive in the acidic environment?

A

Urease

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12
Q

Is H.pylori gram negative or positive?

A

Negative

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13
Q

True or false: most patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers are h.pylori positive

A

true

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14
Q

How is h.pylori transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

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15
Q

What is the first line defense (triple therapy) against H.pylori?

A

PPI
Clarithromycin
Amox/metronidazole

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16
Q

True or false: it is okay to combine the triple therapy that treats h.pylori infection, with bismuth subsalocylate

A

True

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17
Q

What role does serotonin play in the enteric nervous system?

A

Induces the release of ACh in gastric smooth muscle

senation from the GI system

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18
Q

What role does dopamine play in the GI tract?

A

decreases the firing of ENS neurons, decreasing gastric motility

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19
Q

What is the receptor that induces gastric motility?

A

M3

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20
Q

What is motilin, and what is its effect on the GI tract?

A

Hormone that promotes gastric motility through ativation of GI smooth muscle

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21
Q

What is the MOA of metoclopramide? What is it used for?

A

D2 antagonist

dyspepsia/GERD
Antiemetic

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of metoclopramide?

A

Parkinson like symptoms

23
Q

What is the MOA of bethanochol? Use?

A

M3 agonist

GERD/gastroparesis

24
Q

What is the MOA of neostigamine? Use?

A

AchE inhibitor

urinary retention

25
Q

What is the MOA of erythromycin? Use?

A

Motilin receptor agonist

Gastroparesis

26
Q

What is the trade name of metoclopramide?

A

Reglan

27
Q

What is the MOA of bulk forming laxatives?

A

Plants cell wall resistant to degradation (fiber) helps retain water in the GI lumen

28
Q

What do you need to ingest with bulk-forming laxatievs?

A

Water

29
Q

What is the MOA of stool softeners?

A

Coats/penetrates stool with oil

30
Q

What type of laxative is glycerin?

A

Stool softener

31
Q

What type of laxative is mineral oil?

A

Stool softener

32
Q

What is the MOA of osmotic laxatives?

A

Pull water into the GI tract using salts

33
Q

What type of laxative is MgOH (milk of magnesia)?

A

Osmotic agent

34
Q

What type of laxative is lactulose?

A

Osmotic agent

35
Q

What type of laxative is polyethylene glycol?

A

Osmotic agent

36
Q

What is the MOA of stimulant laxatives? (3)

A

Stimulation of the ENS induces gastric motility

Induce leaky mucosa

Inhibit Na uptake

37
Q

What type of laxative is senna?

A

Stimulant

38
Q

What type of laxative is methylcellulose?

A

Fiber (bulk forming)

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of methylcellulose?

A

gas/bloating

40
Q

What are the adverse effects of glycerin?

A

Nutrient malabsorption

41
Q

What are the adverse effects of laculose?

A

Electrolye imbalance

42
Q

What is the adverse effect of senna?

A

GI irritation

43
Q

Activation of what neurotransmitter receptors will result in increase ENS motility?

A

5HT-4

44
Q

What are the two MOA of serotonin receptors in the GI tract?

A

Stimulate Ach release

Block pain signals

45
Q

What is the drug that stimulate 5HT-4 receptors?

A

Tegaserod

46
Q

What is the MOA of cloride channel activation laxatives?

A

Increase Cl in the gut lumen, water follows

47
Q

What is the Cl ion channel that can be targeted to promote gastric motility?

A

CIC-2

48
Q

Activation of mu-opioid receptors causes what?

A

Constipation

49
Q

What is the MOA of mu-opioid receptor antagonists?

A

Block the mu-opioid receptors, to prevent constipation

50
Q

Why is it important that mu-opioid receptor antagonists cannot cross into the CNS?

A

Allows for opioid action in the CNS

Pharm (73 decks)

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