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Pharm > GI III > Flashcards

GI III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of tegaserod?

A

Partial agonist that simulates 5HT-4 receptors in the GI tract, to increase ACh, and thus gastric motility

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2
Q

What is the MOA of lubiprostone?

A

Prostaglandin derivative, the activates CIC2 Cl channels to increase Cl in the GI lumen

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3
Q

What is the MOA of methylnaltrexone?

A

Mu-opioid antagonist

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4
Q

What is the MOA of alvimopan?

A

Mu-opioid receptor antagonist

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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of lubiprostone?

A

n/v/d

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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of methylnaltrexone?

A

Abdominal pain

n/v/d

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of alvimopan

A

abdominal pain

n/v/d

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8
Q

What are the two mu-opioid receptor antagonists?

A

Methylnaltrexone

Alvimopan

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9
Q

How do the opioid antidiarrheal agents work?

A

Agonists to opioid receptor cannot cross the blood/brain barrier, but will cause decreased GI motility

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10
Q

How are opioid antidiarrheal agents administered?

A

orally

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11
Q

What is the MOA of bismuth subsalicylate as an antidiarrheal agent? (2)

A

inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the intestines

Absorb bacterial toxins

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12
Q

What is the difference between bismuth subsalicylate’s action in the stomach, vs in the intestines?

A

Stomach = inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

Intestines = stimulate

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13
Q

What is the MOA of bile salt binding resins as an antidiarrheal?

A

Disrupt hydrostatic pressure that bile salts exert (these are used when there is too much bile salt secretion)

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14
Q

What is the MOA of octreotide?

A

Agonist to the somatostatin receptor which inhibits gut motility

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15
Q

What type of molecule is octreotide? What does this mean in terms of administration?

A

Polypeptide

Must be given IV or SQ

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16
Q

What type of drug is loperamide?

A

Opioid agonist (antidiarrheal)

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17
Q

What type of drug is Diphenoxylate?

A

Opioid agonist

antidiarrheal

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18
Q

What type of drug is cholestyramine?

A

Binds bile acids and bile salts (antidiarrheal)

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19
Q

What type of drug is octreotide?

A

Somatostatin receptor agonist (antidiarrheal)

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20
Q

What are the adverse effecs of loperamide?

A

Constipation

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21
Q

What are the adverse effects of diphenoxylate?

A

Atropine effects

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22
Q

What are the adverse effects of bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Salicylate toxicity

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23
Q

What are the adverse effects of cholestyramine?

A

Impaired fat absorption

Fecal impaction

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24
Q

What are the adverse effects of octreotide?

A

Impaired pancreatic secretion

Decreased gallbladder contraction

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25
Q

What is the MOA of ondansetron?

A

5HT3 antagonist (antiemetic)

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26
Q

What is the MOA of scopolamine?

A

M1 antagonist (antiemetic)

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27
Q

What is the MOA of metoclopramide?

A

D2 antagonist (antiemetic)

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28
Q

What is the MOA of dimenhydrinate? Use?

A 
H1 antagonist (antiemetic)
Motion sickness
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29
Q

What is the MOA of aprepitant?

A

NK1 antagonist (antiemetic)

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30
Q

What is the MOA of prochlorperazine?

A

M1 D2 H1 antagonist (antiemetic)

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31
Q

What are the adverse effects of ondansetron?

A

HA
Dizziness
constipation

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of scopolamine?

A

Antimuscarinic effects

33
Q

What are the adverse effects with metoclopramide?

A

Parkinsonian symptoms

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of dimenhydrinate?

A

Drowsiness

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of aprepitant?

A

Fatigue
Dizziness
CYP3A4 interactions

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of prochlorperazine?

A

Drowsiness

Anticholinergic

37
Q

What is the role of GABA in the brain?

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

38
Q

What is the MOA of lorazepam?

A

GABA agonist

39
Q

What is the MOA of nabilon?

A

Cannabinoid agonist

40
Q

What is the MOA of dexamethasone?

A

Glucocorticoid antagonist

41
Q

What are the adverse effects of lorazepam?

A

Drowsiness

42
Q

What are the adverse effects of nabilone?

A

Dysphoria

Sedation

43
Q

What are the adverse effects of dexamethasone?

A

Weight gain/ water retention

44
Q

What is IBS?

A

idiopathic chronic relapsing disorder, characterized by abdominal discomfort, with diarrhea, constipation, or both

45
Q

What is the cause of IBS?

A

uncertain etiology

46
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating diarrhea due to IBS?

A

Loperamide

47
Q

What is the drug type of choice for treating constipation due to IBS?

A

osmotic laxatives

48
Q

What are the drugs of choice for treating pain due to IBS?

A

antidepressants

Antimuscarinics

49
Q

What is the MOA that tricyclic antidepressant relieve pain from IBS?

A

Block signalling from the GI neurons

50
Q

What are the receptors on the neurons that control gastric motility?

A

5HT-4

51
Q

What are the receptors on the neurons that transmit pain from the GI tract to the brain?

A

5HT-3

52
Q

What is the MOA of alosetron?

A

Blocks 5HT-3 receptors on the gut wall to reduce pain

53
Q

Would you want to stimulate or inhibit the 5HT-4 receptors to induce gastric motility

A

stimulate

54
Q

Would you want to stimulate or inhibit the 5HT-3 receptors to reduce pain from the gut

A

inhibit

55
Q

What are the very rare, but serious side effects of tegaserod?

A

MI

56
Q

What are the side effects of alosetron?

A

ischemic colitis

57
Q

Is tegaserod an antagonist, or agonist?

A

Partial agonist

58
Q

Is alosetron an antagonist, or agonist?

A

antagonist

59
Q

What is IBD? What are the two types?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis

60
Q

What is crohn’s disease?

A

Idiopathic inflammatory disorder that affects any part of the GI tract

61
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa

62
Q

Which can affect any part of the GI tract, and which is limited to the mucosa of the GI tract: crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis?

A

Crohns = anywhere

63
Q

What is the MOA of aminosalicylates (ASA)?

A

Inhibit COX production of prostaglandins, interleukin and NF-kappa B

64
Q

What is the MOA of glucocorticoids?

A

Suppression of multiple inflammatory processes

65
Q

What is the MOA of antimetabolites?

A

Inhibition of immune cell proliferation

66
Q

What is the MOA of anti-TNFalpha therapy?

A

Inhibit TNF-alpha mediated immune response

67
Q

True or false: aminosalicylates will not work if absorbed from the GI tract?

A

True–need to work topically

68
Q

What type of drug is sulfasalzine?

A

ASA

IBD

69
Q

What type of drug is mesalamine? What can it be used for?

A

ASA

IBD

70
Q

What is the MOA of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

Inhibit purine synthesis (inhibit immune response for IBD)

71
Q

What is methotrexate used for?

A

Inhibits DHFR resulting in impaired cellular proliferation

inhibit immune response for IBD

72
Q

What is the MOA azathioprine?

A

Inhibits purine synthesis (inhibit immune response for IBD)

73
Q

What is the MOA of infliximab?

A

TNFalpha monoclonal antibody

Binds to TNF alpha, and inhibits immune reponse

74
Q

When do you start to use antimetabolites in IBD?

A

When it is moderate or worse

75
Q

When are steroids an option for IBD?

A

Active inflamation

76
Q

What is scolpoamine used for? MOA?

A

Motion sickness by blocking M1 receptor

Pharm (73 decks)

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