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CNS Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that stimulate the CNS and PNS

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2
Q

Most NS stimulants are chemically similar to what? What does this do?

A

NE

simulate the flight or fright response

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3
Q

What do CNS stimulants decrease

A

Requirement for sleep and food intake

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of ODing on CNS stimulants?

A

Convulsions and death

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5
Q

What are the downsides of CNS stimulants on the CNS?

A

Increased nervousness and anxiety

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6
Q

What is the effect of CNS stimulants on the cardio system?

A

Increased BP and HR

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7
Q

What is the MOA of doxapram? What type of drug is it? What is it used for?

A

Analeptics/respiratory stimulant used to counteract respiratory depression by increasing tidal volume and RR.

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8
Q

What are analeptics?

A

Respiratory stimulants

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9
Q

Is doxapram fast or slow acting? Short or long duration?

A

Fast

short

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10
Q

What is the MOA of pentylenetetrazol? Use?

A

GABA (a) antagonist

circulatory and respiratory stimulant

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11
Q

What is the MOA of strychnine? Use?

A

Glycine antagonist

pesticide–Causes muscular convulsions and death through asphyxia

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12
Q

What is the MOA of bicuculline? Use?

A

GABA-(A) antagonist

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13
Q

What is the MOA picrotoxin? Use?

A

GABA-(A) blocker

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14
Q

What are methylxanthines?

A

Xanthines derivatives used as mild CNS and respiratory stimulants and bronchodilators

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15
Q

What type of drug is caffeine? What is its medical use?

A

Methylxanthine

Treatment for apnea of prematurity

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16
Q

What is theophylline? Use?

A

Methylxanthine (adenosine receptors antagonist) that is used to relax bronchial smooth muscle in COPD treatment

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17
Q

What are sympathomimetic amides?

A

Amphetamines and analogues

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18
Q

What are the 5 sympathomimetic amides?

A 
Methamphetamine
Dexamphetamine
Methylphenidate
cocaine
Modafinil
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19
Q

What is the MOA of atomoxetine? What type of drug is it?

A

NE reuptake inhibitor

Sympathomimetic amide

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20
Q

What is the usual route of CNS stimulants?

A

Oral

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21
Q

How are CNS stimulants degraded?

A

MAO(a) and MAO (b)

Liver degradation via MEOS p450 system

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22
Q

How are CNS stimulant metabolites excreted?

A

urine

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23
Q

What is the duration of action for most of the CNS stimulants? What is the consequence of this?

A

Short–multiple dosing needed

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24
Q

True or false: CNS stimulants are often given as a prodrug form

A

True

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25
What is the MOA of analeptic stimulants?
GABA (A) and glycine antagonists
26
What is the MOA of methylxanthines?
Reduce adenosine activity (adenosine is a CNS depressant)
27
What is the MOA of amphetamines?
Increase synaptic catecholamine levels by increasing release of DA and NE from presynaptic vesicles
28
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Inhibition of monoamine reuptake (DA and NE)
29
What is the MOA of atomoxetine?
Selective NE transporter blockade
30
What are the clinical uses of methylphenidate?
ADHD
31
What is the clinical use of doxapram?
treat drug induced post anesthesia respiratory depression
32
What is the clinical use of caffeine?
Analgesia (used with excedrin (ASA and acetaminophen))
33
What are the four drugs that are used to treat narcolepsy?
Modafinil Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine Ephedrine
34
What is the major concern with the clinical use of amphetamines?
Abuse potential
35
Why were amphetamines used in obesity treatments? What is the major issue with this?
Anorexiants Tolerance/abuse
36
What is Orlistat?
Weight loss lipase inhibitor
37
What schedule is amphetamine?
2
38
What type of drug is adderall?
Amphetamine
39
What are the three approved uses of amphetamine?
Narcolepsy ADHD Short-term weight loss
40
What area of the brain does cocaine primarily work on?
Reward circuitry in the Ventral tegmental area
41
What are the medical uses of cocaine?
Topical anesthesia in eye and nasal surgery
42
What schedule is cocaine?
II
43
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Inhibits the dopamine transporter (DAT) and increase synaptic DA
44
What is the MOA of amphetamine? (2)
Competitively inhibits DAT and interferes with VMATs, causing depletion and release
45
What is the mesolimbic pathway responsible for? Where is it? What are the neurons that are housed here?
Brain reward circuitry Ventral tegmental area Dopamine neurons here
46
What are the CNS side effects of psychomotor stimulants?
Euphoria | Dysphoria
47
What are the Cardio side effects of CNS stimulants?
MI | CVA
48
What are the endocrine/metabolic effects of CNS stimulants?
Anorexia | Weight loss
49
What are the side effects of modafinil?
Steven-Johnson syndrome
50
What are the long term effects of CNS stimulants on growth? Tics?
minimal for both
51
What are the concerning side effects of CNS stimulants on CV in kiddos?
Increased BP and HR
52
What is the most common developmental neurobehavioral disorder?
ADHD
53
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
3-5% of children
54
What is the male:female ratio of ADHD?
4:1
55
What are the three different ADHD subtypes?
1. Hyperactive-impulsive 2. Inattentive type 3. Combined
56
What are the symptoms of adult ADHD?
shifts activities Easily bored Impatient Restless
57
What is the primary part of the brain that is affected in ADHD? What are the three sub-parts of this?
Frontal lobe - dorsal prefrontal cortex - Dorsal ACC - Caudate and putamen
58
What is the dopamine deficit hypothesis of ADHD?
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) lacks DA, since this projects to the ACC
59
What are the three CNS stimulants used for ADHD?
- Methylphenidate - Amphetamine salts - Dextroamphetamine
60
What are the four non-stimulants to treat ADHD?
- Atomoxetine - Clonidine - Modafinil - Antidepressants
61
What is the MOA of clonidine? What is the basis of using this to treat ADHD?
alpha2 agonist--increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex
62
What is the MOA of modafinil? What is the basis of using this in treatment of narcolepsy?
Activates histamine neurons in tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases awakeness
63
What type of drug is doxapram?
Analeptic
64
What type of drug is caffeine?
Methylxanthine
65
What type of drug is theophylline
Methylxanthine
66
What type of drug is methamphetamine?
sympathomimetic amine
67
What type of drug is amphetamine?
sympathomimetic amine
68
What type of drug is methylphenidate?
sympathomimetic amine
69
What type of drug is cocaine?
sympathomimetic amine
70
What type of drug is modafinil?
sympathomimetic amine
71
What type of drug is atomoxetine?
sympathomimetic amine

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