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Pharm > CNS Stimulants > Flashcards

CNS Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that stimulate the CNS and PNS

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2
Q

Most NS stimulants are chemically similar to what? What does this do?

A

NE

simulate the flight or fright response

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3
Q

What do CNS stimulants decrease

A

Requirement for sleep and food intake

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of ODing on CNS stimulants?

A

Convulsions and death

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5
Q

What are the downsides of CNS stimulants on the CNS?

A

Increased nervousness and anxiety

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6
Q

What is the effect of CNS stimulants on the cardio system?

A

Increased BP and HR

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7
Q

What is the MOA of doxapram? What type of drug is it? What is it used for?

A

Analeptics/respiratory stimulant used to counteract respiratory depression by increasing tidal volume and RR.

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8
Q

What are analeptics?

A

Respiratory stimulants

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9
Q

Is doxapram fast or slow acting? Short or long duration?

A

Fast

short

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10
Q

What is the MOA of pentylenetetrazol? Use?

A

GABA (a) antagonist

circulatory and respiratory stimulant

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11
Q

What is the MOA of strychnine? Use?

A

Glycine antagonist

pesticide–Causes muscular convulsions and death through asphyxia

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12
Q

What is the MOA of bicuculline? Use?

A

GABA-(A) antagonist

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13
Q

What is the MOA picrotoxin? Use?

A

GABA-(A) blocker

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14
Q

What are methylxanthines?

A

Xanthines derivatives used as mild CNS and respiratory stimulants and bronchodilators

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15
Q

What type of drug is caffeine? What is its medical use?

A

Methylxanthine

Treatment for apnea of prematurity

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16
Q

What is theophylline? Use?

A

Methylxanthine (adenosine receptors antagonist) that is used to relax bronchial smooth muscle in COPD treatment

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17
Q

What are sympathomimetic amides?

A

Amphetamines and analogues

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18
Q

What are the 5 sympathomimetic amides?

A 
Methamphetamine
Dexamphetamine
Methylphenidate
cocaine
Modafinil
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19
Q

What is the MOA of atomoxetine? What type of drug is it?

A

NE reuptake inhibitor

Sympathomimetic amide

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20
Q

What is the usual route of CNS stimulants?

A

Oral

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21
Q

How are CNS stimulants degraded?

A

MAO(a) and MAO (b)

Liver degradation via MEOS p450 system

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22
Q

How are CNS stimulant metabolites excreted?

A

urine

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23
Q

What is the duration of action for most of the CNS stimulants? What is the consequence of this?

A

Short–multiple dosing needed

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24
Q

True or false: CNS stimulants are often given as a prodrug form

A

True

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25
Q

What is the MOA of analeptic stimulants?

A

GABA (A) and glycine antagonists

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26
Q

What is the MOA of methylxanthines?

A

Reduce adenosine activity (adenosine is a CNS depressant)

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27
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamines?

A

Increase synaptic catecholamine levels by increasing release of DA and NE from presynaptic vesicles

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28
Q

What is the MOA of cocaine?

A

Inhibition of monoamine reuptake (DA and NE)

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29
Q

What is the MOA of atomoxetine?

A

Selective NE transporter blockade

30
Q

What are the clinical uses of methylphenidate?

A

ADHD

31
Q

What is the clinical use of doxapram?

A

treat drug induced post anesthesia respiratory depression

32
Q

What is the clinical use of caffeine?

A

Analgesia (used with excedrin (ASA and acetaminophen))

33
Q

What are the four drugs that are used to treat narcolepsy?

A

Modafinil
Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Ephedrine

34
Q

What is the major concern with the clinical use of amphetamines?

A

Abuse potential

35
Q

Why were amphetamines used in obesity treatments? What is the major issue with this?

A

Anorexiants

Tolerance/abuse

36
Q

What is Orlistat?

A

Weight loss lipase inhibitor

37
Q

What schedule is amphetamine?

A

2

38
Q

What type of drug is adderall?

A

Amphetamine

39
Q

What are the three approved uses of amphetamine?

A

Narcolepsy
ADHD
Short-term weight loss

40
Q

What area of the brain does cocaine primarily work on?

A

Reward circuitry in the Ventral tegmental area

41
Q

What are the medical uses of cocaine?

A

Topical anesthesia in eye and nasal surgery

42
Q

What schedule is cocaine?

A

II

43
Q

What is the MOA of cocaine?

A

Inhibits the dopamine transporter (DAT) and increase synaptic DA

44
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamine? (2)

A

Competitively inhibits DAT and interferes with VMATs, causing depletion and release

45
Q

What is the mesolimbic pathway responsible for? Where is it? What are the neurons that are housed here?

A

Brain reward circuitry

Ventral tegmental area

Dopamine neurons here

46
Q

What are the CNS side effects of psychomotor stimulants?

A

Euphoria

Dysphoria

47
Q

What are the Cardio side effects of CNS stimulants?

A

MI

CVA

48
Q

What are the endocrine/metabolic effects of CNS stimulants?

A

Anorexia

Weight loss

49
Q

What are the side effects of modafinil?

A

Steven-Johnson syndrome

50
Q

What are the long term effects of CNS stimulants on growth? Tics?

A

minimal for both

51
Q

What are the concerning side effects of CNS stimulants on CV in kiddos?

A

Increased BP and HR

52
Q

What is the most common developmental neurobehavioral disorder?

A

ADHD

53
Q

What is the prevalence of ADHD?

A

3-5% of children

54
Q

What is the male:female ratio of ADHD?

A

4:1

55
Q

What are the three different ADHD subtypes?

A
  1. Hyperactive-impulsive
  2. Inattentive type
  3. Combined
56
Q

What are the symptoms of adult ADHD?

A

shifts activities
Easily bored
Impatient
Restless

57
Q

What is the primary part of the brain that is affected in ADHD? What are the three sub-parts of this?

A

Frontal lobe

  • dorsal prefrontal cortex
  • Dorsal ACC
  • Caudate and putamen
58
Q

What is the dopamine deficit hypothesis of ADHD?

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) lacks DA, since this projects to the ACC

59
Q

What are the three CNS stimulants used for ADHD?

A
  • Methylphenidate
  • Amphetamine salts
  • Dextroamphetamine
60
Q

What are the four non-stimulants to treat ADHD?

A
  • Atomoxetine
  • Clonidine
  • Modafinil
  • Antidepressants
61
Q

What is the MOA of clonidine? What is the basis of using this to treat ADHD?

A

alpha2 agonist–increases blood flow to the prefrontal cortex

62
Q

What is the MOA of modafinil? What is the basis of using this in treatment of narcolepsy?

A

Activates histamine neurons in tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases awakeness

63
Q

What type of drug is doxapram?

A

Analeptic

64
Q

What type of drug is caffeine?

A

Methylxanthine

65
Q

What type of drug is theophylline

A

Methylxanthine

66
Q

What type of drug is methamphetamine?

A

sympathomimetic amine

67
Q

What type of drug is amphetamine?

A

sympathomimetic amine

68
Q

What type of drug is methylphenidate?

A

sympathomimetic amine

69
Q

What type of drug is cocaine?

A

sympathomimetic amine

70
Q

What type of drug is modafinil?

A

sympathomimetic amine

71
Q

What type of drug is atomoxetine?

A

sympathomimetic amine

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