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Pharm > Herbal Meds > Flashcards

Herbal Meds Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacognosy?

A

The study of natural product molecules that are useful for their medicinal, ecological, gustatory, or other functional properties

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2
Q

What is the DSHEA?

A

Manufacturers must evaluate, the purity, strength, and purity of their products

Also, report adverse side effects

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3
Q

What does the DSHEA not do?

A

No need to prove efficacy

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4
Q

What are the major problems with supplements?

A

Studies are lacking or conflicting results

Doses and formulations vary between studies

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5
Q

Why is there a dearth of studies for herbs?

A

cannot patent herbs

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6
Q

What are the labels that are used to identify supplements that were produced properly? Does this mean that they are safe and/or efficacious

A

USP

Does not identify safe or efficacious supplements

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7
Q

What is the use of Echinacea?

A

Decrease duration and intensity of colds

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Echinacea? (3)

A

Immune modulating (increase cytokine production)

Anti-inflammatory (inhibits cyclooxygenase)

Increases numbers of immune cells

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Echinacea?

A

Pts with immunodeficiencies should not take it

Allergic reactions

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10
Q

What are the drugs that Echinacea interact with? What can it cause?

A

Etoposide

Thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

What is the medical use of Ginkgo Biloba? What are the two active components?

A

Improve memory/alzheimer’s

Flavone glycosides and terpenoids

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Ginkgo Biloba?

A

Cerebral cortex 5HT1A receptor are reduced

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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ginkgo Biloba?

A

n/v/d

HA

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14
Q

What are the drug interactions with Gingko?

A

Antiplatelet actions (ASA)

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15
Q

Uncooked Ginkgo seeds can cause what?

A

Seizures

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16
Q

In whom is Gingko contraindicated?

A

Seizure prone pts

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17
Q

What are the uses of Garlic?

A

Atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia
HTN

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18
Q

What are the active ingredients in Garlic? MOA (4)?

A

Allicin

  • Inhibits HMG-CoA
  • Inhibit ACE
  • Increase H2S production
  • Increase NO availability
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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Garlic?

A

Increased bleeding

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20
Q

What is the effect of Garlic on HIV drugs? How?

A

Reduces bioavailability d/t increase in P-glycoprotein drug transporter

21
Q

What are the uses of Ginseng? (3)

A

Boosts immune system, physical and mental health

Erectile dysfunction

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ginseng?

A

CNS stimulation and HTN

23
Q

What are the drug interactions with Ginseng?

A

Immune modulating drugs

24
Q

What is the use of Milk Thistle?

A

Help reduce cirrhosis, hepatitis, or drug induced hepatotoxicity

25
Q

What is the active ingredient in milk thistle? MOA?

A

Silymarin

Reducing collagen accumulation in liver

26
Q

What is St. John’s Wort used for? Active ingredient? MOA?

A

Antidepressant
Hypericin/hyperforin
SSRI

27
Q

What are the adverse effects of St. John’s Wort? MOA?

A

Photosensitization and decreased of other drug concentration–

Induces hepatic CYP enzymes

28
Q

What is the use of Saw Palmetto? Active ingredient? MOA?

A

Treating BPH

Sterols and FAs
Inhibits 5-alpha reductase (testosterone to DHT)

29
Q

What are the primary uses of Glucosamine and chondroitin?

A

Osteoarthritis

30
Q

What is glucosamine?

A

Substrate for the synthesis of cartilage

31
Q

What is chondroitin?

A

Functions to prevent cartilage breakdown

32
Q

What are the drug-drug interactions with Glucosamine and chondroitin?

A

Maybe enhance Warfarin

33
Q

What is the use of melatonin? MOA?

A

Hypnotic

Normally found in the pineal gland that is induced by darkness, and causes sleepiness

34
Q

What is the rx drug that agonizes melatonin receptors?

A

Ramelteon (MT1 and MT2)

35
Q

What are the melatonin receptors that cause sleep? What type of receptors are these?

A

MT1 and MT2

G-protein coupled receptors

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of melatonin?

A

Drowsiness

Decrease sperm quality in men and reduces LH in women

37
Q

What is the use of butterbur?

A

Migraine treatment

38
Q

What is the use of feverfew? Adverse effects?

A

Migraine treatment
Induces uterine contractions
Mouth ulcerations

39
Q

What is the physiologic function of CoQ10?

A

Mitochondrial cofactor that functions in the electron transport chain

Also, antioxidant

40
Q

What happens with CoQ10 with age?

A

Decreases

41
Q

What is the use of supplemental CoQ10?

A

Reduced statin induced myopathy
HTN
Migraines

42
Q

What is the effect of statins on CoQ10?

A

Decrease

43
Q

What are the adverse effects of CoQ10? Why?

A

May exacerbate warfarin, since it is very similar structurally to vit K

44
Q

What are the uses of fish oil?

A

treats hypertriglyceridemia

CVD

45
Q

Which herb can cause seizures?

A

Ginkgo

46
Q

What herbs can cause bleeding?

A

Gingko
Garlic
Glucosamine

47
Q

What herbs can decrease fertility?

A

Melatonin

48
Q

What herbs are immune modulating?

A

Echinacea

Ginseng

49
Q

Which herb is a major inducer of p450 enzymes?

A

St. John’s wort

Pharm (73 decks)

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