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Autonomics VI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the receptors that phenoxy-benzamine acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

A

irreversibly blocks alpha 1 and alpha 2

Lowers BP

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2
Q

What are the receptors that prazosin acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

A

Blocks alpha 1, but NOT alpha 2

Lowers BP, treats BPH

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3
Q

What are the receptors that tamsulosin acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

A

Alpha 1a blocking

Relax smooth muscle in BPH

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4
Q

What are the receptors that labetaolol acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

A

beta > alpha1

Lowers BP with limited increase in HR

HTN

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5
Q

What are the toxic effects of phenoxy-benzamine?

A

orthostatic hypotension

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6
Q

What are the toxic effects of prazosin?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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7
Q

What are the toxic effects of tamsulosin?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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8
Q

What are the toxic effects of yohombine?

A

Anxiety

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9
Q

What are the toxic effects of labetalol

A

Less tachycardia (?)

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10
Q

Alpha 1 blockade by phenoxy-benzamine can cause what dysfunction?

A

Ejaculation

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11
Q

Why is labetalol preferentially used in treating HTN?

A

Blocks beta receptors, as well as alpha 1, limiting the reflex tachycardia

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12
Q

The first generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

A

Beta 1 = beta 2

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13
Q

The second generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

A

Beta 1&raquo_space;» beta 2

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14
Q

The third generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

A

beta 1 = beta 2 >alpha 1 >alpha 2

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15
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: propanolol

A

First

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16
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: metoprolol

A

Second

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17
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: labetalol

A

Third

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18
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: nadolol

A

First

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19
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: timolol

A

First

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20
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: primdolol

21
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: atenolol

22
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: esmolol

23
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: betaxolol

24
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: acebutolol

25
Q

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: carvedilol

26
Q

What are the secod generation beta adrenoceptor antagonists?

A 
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Betaxolol
Acebutolol

(AMEBA)

27
Q

What are the cardiovascualr effects of beta receptor antagonists?

A

Decreased inotropic, chronotropic effects

Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption

28
Q

What are the effects of beta blockers on the kidneys?

A

Decreased renin release

29
Q

What are the effects of beta blockers on the lungs?

A

Increased airway resistance (beta 2 blocked)

30
Q

True or false: beta blockers have no effect on BP in normotensive individuals

31
Q

Why are beta blockers contraindicated in COPD pts?

A

Blocks beta 2 receptors, leading to increased respiratory resistance

32
Q

What is the MOA of beta blocker tolerance?

A

beta 2 receptors on arterioles blocked, leading to increased vascular resistance

33
Q

True or false: no beta blocker is completely free of beta2 blocker effects

34
Q

What are the effects of beta blockers in the eye?

A

Decrease aqeuous humor production

35
Q

If a COPD pt on beta blockers is still hypertensive, should you increase the dose of the current beta blocker, or add a different type of beta blocker

A

Add another one

36
Q

What are the metabolic effects of beta blockers?

A

Increase VLDL

Decreases HDL

37
Q

What is the basis for using beta blockers in heart failure?

A

Small amounts will prevent the down regulation of beta receptors

38
Q

What is the basis for treating hyperthyroidism with beta blockers?

A

Decrease the HR

39
Q

What does it mean for a beta blocker to have cardioselectivity?

A

Antagonizes beta 1 receptors, rather than beta 2

40
Q

What are beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity?

A

Beta blockers who still activate the beta receptor, but to a lesser degree than endogenous catecholamines

41
Q

Which type of beta blockers have a more predictable plasma concentration: lipophilic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophilic

42
Q

What is the two major advantages of using a lipophilic beta blocker?

A

enter the CNS more readily

Not affected by kidney functions

43
Q

Where are hydrophilic beta blockers metabolized?

44
Q

Where are lipophilic beta blockers metabolized?

45
Q

What causes the fatigue associated with beta blockers?

A

Reduced CO

46
Q

What causes the worsening of PVD with beta blockers?

A

cannot dilate vessel wit beta 2 activation

47
Q

How do beta blockers mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

Loss of counterregulatory hormonal changes

48
Q

What is the most common symptom of DM on the heart?

A

orthostatic hypotension

49
Q

What is the cause of dysphagia with DM?

A

Neuropathy

Pharm (73 decks)

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