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Histology > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are teeth composed of

A

Pulp, cementum, dentine, an amelodentine junction and enamel

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2
Q

Composition of enamel

A

96% mineral, 1-2% matrix and 2%water

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3
Q

Composition of dentine

A

70% mineral, 20% matrix and 10% water

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4
Q

Composition of cementum

A

65% mineral, 23% matrix and 12% water

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5
Q

Composition of bone

A

60% mineral, 25% matrix and 15% water

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6
Q

What does enamel cover

A

The anatomical crown

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7
Q

What is enamel produced from

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

Characteristics of enamel

A

96% inorganic, 2mm thick, translucent, non-vital, hard and brittle

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9
Q

What is dentine

A

Specialised connective tissue

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10
Q

Characteristics of dentine

A

Hard, strong, resilient, 70% mineral, 20% organic and contains collagen and dentine tubules

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11
Q

What is cementum

A

Mineralised connective tissue

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12
Q

What does cementum cover

A

The tooth root

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13
Q

What are the functions of cementum

A

Provides tooth support and is resistant to resorption

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14
Q

Interactions between epithelium gives rise to what

A

Enamel and the hyaline layer of the root

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15
Q

Interactions between the mesenchyme gives rise to

A

Dentine, pulp, cementum, peridontium-peridontal ligament and bone

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16
Q

When are the first signs of tooth development

A

Week 6

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17
Q

What are the stages of the tooth germ

A

Bud, cap, bell, late bell and crown

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18
Q

When does the bud stage occur

A

Week 8

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19
Q

What happens during the bud stage

A

A spherical epithelial condensation appears
Cell differentiation occurs
No histodifferentiation or morphogenesis

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20
Q

What happens during the cap stage

A

The cap shaped enamel organ
Cells are poorly histodifferentiated
Little morphogenesis

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21
Q

What happens in the late cap stage

A

An outer and inner layer of enamel epithelial forms

Some histodifferentiation and morphogenesis

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22
Q

What happens in the early bell stage

A

Enamel organ forms the inner enamel epithelium, the stratum intermedium, the stellate reticulum and the outer enamel epithelium

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23
Q

What does the inner enamel epithelium form

A

Amaloblasts

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24
Q

What do amaloblasts produce

A

Enamel

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25
Q

What does the ectomesenchyme form

A

Dental papilla and dental follicle

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26
Q

What does the dental papillae form

A

Odontoblasts

27
Q

What do odontoblasts produce

A

Dentine and pulp

28
Q

What does the dental follicle produce

A

Cementum, PDL and bone

29
Q

What is cytodifferentiation

A

The process of the dental papilla forming odontoblasts

30
Q

What is involved in matrix formation

A

Odontoblasts producing collagen rich predentine, the odontoblasts then retreat inwards and their long cell process form the dentinal tubule

31
Q

What is mineralisation

A

Where predentine mineralises to form dentine

32
Q

What is amelogenesis

A

Where the inner enamel epithelium forms ameoblasts

33
Q

What do ameoblasts secrete

A

The enamel protien matrix

34
Q

What does the enamel protein matrix undergo

A

Immediate mineralisation

35
Q

Enamel with 30% mineral is known as

A

Immature enamel

36
Q

What does immature enamel undergo

A

Gradual maturation

37
Q

What happens in maturation of immature enamel

A

There is further mineralisation and the removal of most enamel proteins

38
Q

What forms the root of the tooth

A

Cementum and dentine

39
Q

What provides the signal for the development of the root

A

The root sheath

40
Q

What is enamel made of

A

Tightly packed hydroxapatite crystals

41
Q

What is the basic unit of enamel

A

Enamel prism

42
Q

Shape of an enamel prism

A

Complex key hole

43
Q

What is the prism core made of

A

Tightly packed hydroxapatite crystals

44
Q

What is the prism sheath

A

A boundary composed of clearly differently orientated crystals

45
Q

What is gnarled enamel

A

Where the prisms appear twisted around each other

46
Q

Where is gnarled enamel found

A

At the cusps

47
Q

What does gnarled enamel provide

A

Strength

48
Q

What does growth of the enamel produce

A

Incremental growth lines - striae of Retzius

49
Q

What do systematic disturbances cause within teeth

A

Accented lines

50
Q

What happens when the striae reach the surface of the tooth

A

They create a furrow - perikynata

51
Q

Orientation of the collagen fibres within dentine

A

Parallel to the dentioenamel junction

52
Q

What do the collagen fibres provide

A

Strength

53
Q

What is contained within the dentine tubules

A

Cell processes, nerves or fluid

54
Q

What aspect of dentine is innervated

A

The inner aspect

55
Q

When is primary dentine formed

A

During the tooth development up to the root completion

56
Q

When is secondary dentine formed

A

After root completion

57
Q

When is tertiary dentine formed

A

In response to pulpal insult

58
Q

What happens to pulp volume with age

A

It decreases

59
Q

What is the function of tertiary dentine

A

To prevent the stimulus reaching the pulp

60
Q

How can fillings be kept in

A

Mechanically by undercut
Bound to the enamel by utilising the structure of enamel and acid etching
Bound to the dentine by acid demineralisation, infiltrating the collagen with resin and penetrating the tubules with renin

61
Q

How is the majority of pulp innervated

A

Through non-myelinated axons

62
Q

What are the two minor groups that innervated pulp

A

Alpha sigma myelinated fibres

Alpha beta myelinated fibres

63
Q

What is the cell free zone

A

Plexus of Raschkow

64
Q

What is around the odontoblasts

A

Marginal plexus

Histology (22 decks)

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