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Histology > Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium of oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

Stratified non-keratinised squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Epithelium of nasal cavity and nasopharynx

A

Respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

Digestive tract 4 main layers

A

Mucosa, submuscosa, muscualris externa and serosa or adventitia

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the muscosa

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

Mucosa epithelium

A

Sits on a basal lamina

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6
Q

Mucosa lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue

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7
Q

Mucosa muscularis muscosae

A

Thin layer of smooth muscle

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8
Q

Submucosa

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

Muscularis externa

A

Two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

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10
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs

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11
Q

Gastro-oesophageal junction

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Mucosa of the stomach is made up of

A

Gastric pits and gastric glands

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13
Q

Cells of the gastric gland

A

Isthumus - Parietal and stem cells
Neck - Mucous and parietal cells
Fundus - Chief cells, few parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells

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14
Q

Chief cells

A

Digestive enzyme secreting cells

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15
Q

Parietal cells

A

Hydrochloric acid producing cells

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16
Q

Different regions of the stomach

A

Cardia, body and pylorus

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17
Q

Mucosa of cardia

A

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed tortuous glands

18
Q

Mucosa of body

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

19
Q

Mucosa of body

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands

20
Q

Muscularis externa of the stomach

A
  • Contains an extra layer
  • Oblique to the circular and longitudinal layers
  • Located internal to circular layer
  • Aids in the churning action of the stomach
21
Q

Gastroduodenal junction

A

Abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa

22
Q

Duodenum

A

Contains Brunner’s glands in the submucosa

23
Q

Jejunum

A

Tallest villi, located on permanent circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa

24
Q

What are the circular folds of the small intestine known as

A

Plicae circularis

25
Q

Ileum

A

Characteristic by shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles

26
Q

What are the lymphoid follicules of the ileum known as

A

Peyer’s patches

27
Q

Enterocytes

A

Tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principle absorptive cell

28
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

29
Q

Paneth cells

A

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they have a defensive function

30
Q

Neuroendocrine cells

A

Produce hormones that contribute to control of secretion and motility

31
Q

Stem cells

A

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, the divide to replenish the epithelium

32
Q

Function of Brunner’s glands

A

Produce a thin, alkalin mucous to neutralise chyme

33
Q

Two principle cells of the large intestine

A

Absorptive cells and goblet cells

34
Q

Absorptive cells of the large intestine

A

Removal of slats and water

35
Q

Goblet cells of the large intestine

A

Secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

36
Q

How are the cells of the large intestine arranged

A

Straight tubular glands referred to as crypts that extend into the muscualris mucosae

37
Q

How is the outer longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine arranged

A

In 3 muscular strips = teniae coli

38
Q

Appendix

A
  • Far less abundant crypts
  • Circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue
  • Lymphoid tissue tends to decline with age
39
Q

Rectoanal junction

A

Transition from the mucosa of the rectum to the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal

40
Q

What controls gut motility

A

The enteric nervous system

41
Q

What are the plexuses of the enteric nervous system

A

Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus

Histology (22 decks)

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