Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Function of the nervous system

Answer 1

Allows rapid communication between widely spaced parts of the body by the action of specialised cells called neurones which gather and process information and generate a response

Question 2

Functional cell type of the nervous system

Answer 2

Nerve cell or neurone

Question 3

Neurones

Answer 3

Receive information and transmit electrical impulses to another neurone or effector cell

Question 4

Glial cell types

Answer 4

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

Question 5

Astrocytes

Answer 5

Many numerous processes

Support, maintaining the blood-brain barrier and environmental homeostasis

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 6

Produce myelin in the CNS (NOT PNS)

Question 7

Microglia

Answer 7

Similar lineage to macrophages

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

Question 8

Ependymal cells

Answer 8

Cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the cavities in the CNS such as the ventricle
Typically cillliated

Question 9

A group of neurones living outside the CNS

Answer 9

Ganglion

Question 10

Characteristics of neurones

Answer 10

Cell body contains nucleus and most of cell organelles
Long process - axon - transmits data from the neurone to other cells
Numerous short processes - dendrites - increase surface area avalible for connections
Specialised junctions - synapses - between axon and other cells to allow communication

Question 11

3 groups of neurones

Answer 11

Multipolar, bipolar and psuedopolar

Question 12

Axon arises from a swelling

Answer 12

Axon hillock

Question 13

Nerve cell body

Answer 13

Abundant RER, free polyribosomes and Golgi apparatus in the body but not in the axon

Question 14

Axonal transport

Answer 14

Energy consuming mechanism to move material up and down the axon

Question 15

How does axonal transport work

Answer 15

Uses molecular motors - kinesin- which use microtubules as a railway track to haul attached organelles and vesicles

Question 16

Types of axonal transport

Answer 16

Fast axonal transport and slow axonal transport

Question 17

PNS consists of

Answer 17

Nerves and ganglia and includes elements of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 18

Ganglia are composed of

Answer 18

Neurone cell bodies, support cells, axons and loose fibrocollagenous tissue

Question 19

What are the support cells of the PNS

Answer 19

Satellite cells and schwann cells

Question 20

What are the two types of nerve ganglia

Answer 20

Dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia

Question 21

Peripheral nerve is composed of

Answer 21

Axons, schwann cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels

Question 22

Connective tissue of peripheral nerve

Answer 22

Epineurium - surrounds the whole nerve
Perineurium - surrounds a fascicle
Endoneurium - surrounds individual nerve fibres

Question 23

Where are unmyelinated axons found

Answer 23

In the clefts in the cytoplasm of schwann cells

Question 24

What is the myelin sheath formed by in the PNS

Answer 24

Schwann cells

Question 25

Each schwann cells creates myelin for

Answer 25

A single axon

Question 26

What produces myelin in the CNS

Answer 26

Oligodendrocytes

Question 27

Oligodendrocytes makes myelin sheath for

Answer 27

Many axons

Question 28

In there connective tissue in the CNS

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What are the spaces in the myelin sheaths called

Answer 29

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 30

What does the nodes of Ravier allow

Answer 30

For the action potential to jump along the axon increasing the speed of conduction

Question 31

Grey matter

Answer 31

Huge number of neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells

Question 32

White matter

Answer 32

Axons and their support cells

Question 33

Neuropil

Answer 33

A mat of neuronal and glial cell processes that occupies much of the grey matter

Question 34

Synapses

Answer 34

Come in many forms

Vesicles in the end contain neurotransmitters that are released in response to an action potential